C1 - LESSON 1: DEFINITION OF TERMS Flashcards
1
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is defined as resistance to disease, specifically infectious disease.
A
Immunology
2
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Defined as the study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body
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Immunology
3
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Diagnostic examination of blood serum and other body fluids with regards to the response of the immune system to pathogens.
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Serology
4
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- condition of being resistant to infection
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• Immunity
5
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- The phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent
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• Cross immunity
6
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- substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody
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• Antigens
7
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- Any substance that is capable of inducing an immune response.
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• Immunogen
8
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- a low-molecular-weight, nonantigenic substance that, when combined with an antigen, changes the antigenic specificity of that antigen.
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• Hapten
9
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- glycoprotein substance (immunoglobulin) that is produced by B lymphocytes in response to an antigen.
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• Antibody
10
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- derived from a single B-cell clone and are produced as a single class of immunoglobulin with specificity unique to the antigenic stimulus.
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• Monoclonal antibodies
11
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- produced as different classes of immunoglobulins by many B-cell clones in response to an antigen
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• Polyclonal antibodies
12
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- Antibodies produced in response to antigens from another species
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• Heteroantibodies or xenoantibodies
13
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- formed in response to antigens from individuals of the same species
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• Alloantibodies
14
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- produced by the body’s immune system against “self” antigens
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• Autoantibodies
15
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- part of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody or T-cell receptor
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• Epitope
16
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- the clumping of particulate antigens by antibodies specific for the antigens.
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• Agglutination
17
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- is the tendency that an epitope has for combining with the antigen-binding site on an antibody molecule.
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• Affinity
18
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- strength of the bond between the antigen and the antibody.
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• Avidity
19
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- smallest amount of antigen or antibody that can be detected.
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• Sensitivity
20
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- ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen with complementary determinants and not to an antigen with dissimilar determinants.
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• Specificity
21
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- glycoprotein substances secreted by antigen-stimulated B cells
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• Immunoglobulins
22
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- It is the predominant immunoglobulin in secretions such as tears, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and respiratory tract, genital, and intestinal secretions
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• IgA
23
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- exists as a monomer, and its function is unknown.
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• IgD
24
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- binds to crystallizable fragment (Fc) receptors on mast cells and basophils and is elevated during parasitic infections and Type I allergic reactions
A
• IgE
25
- is the predominant immunoglobulin in the adult.
• IgG
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- is the largest of the immunoglobulins, existing as a pentamer.
• IgM
27
It is the first immunoglobulin to be produced after exposure to an antigen
IgM
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- group of proteins synthesized in mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and some endothelial cells.
• Complement
29
- A small peptide formed during complement activation that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.
• Anaphylatoxins
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- A life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systemic release of histamine
• Anaphylaxis
31
It is also the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placental barrier, thus transferring immunity from mother to infant.
• IgG
