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IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY LECTURE > C5 - LESSON 1: LYMPHOID ORGANS > Flashcards

C5 - LESSON 1: LYMPHOID ORGANS Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest tissue of the body (adult: 1300 to 1500g)

A

Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Main source of hematopoietic stem cells

A

Bone Marrow

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3
Q

Can differentiate into lymphocytes and other hematopoietic cells such as granulocytes, erythrocytes, and megakaryocyte population.

A

Bone Marrow

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4
Q

Center for antigen independent lymphopoiesis

A

Bone Marrow

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5
Q

B cell maturation takes place within the bone marrow itself

A

Bone Marrow

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6
Q

Small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax or chest cavity, right below the thyroid gland and overlying the heart.

A

Thymus

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7
Q

Weighs an average of 30g at birth, reaches about 35 g at puberty, and then gradually atrophies

A

Thymus

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8
Q

Although the thymus diminishes in size, it is still capable of producing T lymphocytes until at least the fifth or sixth decade of life.

A

Thymus

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9
Q

Progenitor cells that migrate to the thymus proliferate and differentiate under the influence of the humoral factor-(?)

A

thymosin

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10
Q
  • lymphocyte precursors with acquired surface membrane antigens
A

Thymocytes

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11
Q

Surface antigens are acquired as the lymphocytes travel from the cortex to the medulla over a period of 2 to 3 weeks.

A

Thymus

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12
Q

Progenitors of T cells appear in the fetus as early as 8 weeks in the gestational period - essential to acquisition of immunocompetence by the time the infant is born.

A

Thymus

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13
Q

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

A
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14
Q

act as lymphoid filters in the lymphatic system

A

Lymph nodes

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15
Q

Lymph fluid flows slowly through spaces called (?), which are lined with macrophages, creating an ideal location for phagocytosis to take place.

A

sinuses

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16
Q

respond to antigens introduced distally and routed to them by afferent lymphatics

A

Lymph nodes

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17
Q

Generalized lymph node reactivity can occur after (?) (e.g., serum sickness)

A

systemic antigen challenge

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18
Q

Lymph nodes Primary function:

A

generation of B cell memory

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19
Q

The Lymph nodes tissue is organized into:

A
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20
Q

Contains macrophages and aggregations of B cells in primary follicles

A

Outer cortex

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21
Q

These are mature, resting B cells that have not been exposed to antigens.

A

Outer cortex

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22
Q

Specialized cells called follicular dendritic cells are also located here

A

Outer cortex

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23
Q

Region between the follicles and medulla where T lymphocytes are mainly localized

A

Paracortex

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24
Q

T lymphocytes are in close proximity to antigen-presenting cells called interdigitating cells

A

Paracortex

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25
Particulate antigens are removed as the fluid travels across the node from cortex to medulla.
Inner medulla
26
The transit time through a lymph node is approximately 18 hours.
Inner medulla
27
If contact with antigen takes place, lymphocyte traffic shuts down due to the proliferation of activated cells.
Inner medulla
28
Accumulation of lymphocytes and other cells causes the lymph nodes to become enlarged, a condition known as lymphadenopathy.
Inner medulla
29
Recirculation of expanded numbers of lymphocytes then occurs.
Inner medulla
30
Largest secondary lymphoid organ
Spleen
31
It is an important site of antibody production in response to IV particulate antigens (e.g., bacteria)
Spleen
32
acts as a lymphatic filter within the blood vascular tree
Spleen
33
Two main types of splenic tissue:
34
removes old and damaged cells and foreign antigens from the blood.
Spleen
35
Makes up more than one-half of the total volume
Red pulp
36
Red pulp Function:
to destroy old red blood cells
37
20% of the total weight of the spleen
White pulp
38
Contains lymphoid tissue- arranged around arterioles in a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)
White pulp
39
- contains mainly T cells
PALS
40
- attached to the sheath
Primary follicles
41
contains B cells that are not yet stimulated by antigens
Primary follicles
42
- surrounds the PALS containing dendritic cells that trap antigen
Marginal zone
43
includes lymphoid tissue in the intestines (Peyer’s patches) and the liver
GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue)
44
features immunoglobulin A (IgA) production and involves a unique pattern of lymphocyte recirculation.
GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue)
45
important for the development of tolerance to ingested antigen
GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissue)
46
Rich source of mature T cells
Thoracic duct
47
can cause T cell depletion and has been used as a method of immunosuppression.
Chronic thoracic duct drainage
48
includes lymphoid tissue in the lower respiratory tract and hilar lymph nodes.
BALT (Bronchus- associated lymphoid tissue)
49
It is mainly associated with IgA production in response to inhaled antigens.
BALT (Bronchus- associated lymphoid tissue)
50
Antigens introduced through the skin are presented by epidermal Langerhans cells, which are bone marrow–derived accessory cells.
Skin-associated lymphoid tissue/ Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue
51
These epidermal cells then interact with lymphocytes in the skin and in draining lymph nodes.
Skin-associated lymphoid tissue/ Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue
52
important lymphoid organ and immunologic effector tissue.
Blood
53
Most frequently sampled lymphoid organ
Blood
54
Circulating blood has enough mature T cells to produce a (?).
graft-versus-host reaction
55
In addition, blood transfusions have been responsible for inducing acquired immunologic tolerance in (?).
kidney allograft patients
56
Found in the mucous membrane lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities
Tonsils
57
Tonsils Function:
to respond to pathogens entering the respiratory and alimentary tracts
58
Function as potential sites for contact with foreign antigen
Appendix
59
also increases the probability of an immune response along with the other secondary organs
Appendix
60
T lymphocytes (%) 100 B Lymphocytes (%) 0
Thymus
61
T lymphocytes (%) 80 B Lymphocytes (%) 20
Blood
62
T lymphocytes (%) 60 B Lymphocytes (%) 40
Lymph nodes
63
T lymphocytes (%) 45 B Lymphocytes (%) 55
Spleen
64
T lymphocytes (%)10 B Lymphocytes (%) 90
Bone marrow
65
Proteins on cell surfaces can be used as markers to differentiate T and B cells
Surface Markers on Lymphocytes
66
Proteins can also be used to distinguish the developmental stages of the two types of cells according to when these proteins appear.
Surface Markers on Lymphocytes
67
Detected by monoclonal antibodies
Surface Markers on Lymphocytes
68
Specific antibodies made by cloning a single antibody-producing cell
Surface Markers on Lymphocytes
69
Surface marker that identifies a particular differentiation lineage recognized by a group of monoclonal antibodies
Clusters of differentiation (CD)
70
45-58
CD2
71
Thymocytes, T cells, NK cells
CD2
72
Involved in T-cell activation
CD2
73
20-28
CD3
74
Thymocytes, T cells
CD3
75
Associated with T-cell antigen receptor
CD3
76
role in TCR signal transduction
CD3
77
55
CD4
78
Helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages
CD4
79
Coreceptor for MHC class II; receptor for HIV
CD4
80
58
CD5
81
Mature T cells, thymocytes, subset of B cells (B1)
CD5
82
Positive or negative modulation of T and B cell receptor signaling
CD5
83
60-76
CD8
84
Thymocyte subsets, cytotoxic T cell
CD8
85
Coreceptor for MHC class I
CD8
86
100
CD10
87
B and T cell precursors, bone marrow stromal cells
CD10
88
Protease; marker for pre-B CALLA
CD10
89
50-80
CD16
90
Macrophages, NK cells, neutrophils
CD16
91
Low affinity Fc receptor, mediates phagocytosis and ADCC
CD16
92
>120
CD19
93
B cells, follicular dendritic cells
CD19
94
Part of B cell coreceptor, signal transduction molecule that regulates B-cell development and activation
CD19
95
145
CD21
96
B cells, follicular dendritic cells, subset of immature thymocytes
CD21
97
Receptor for complement component C3d; part of B-cell coreceptor with CD19
CD21
98
45
CD23
99
B cells, monocytes, follicular dendritic cell
CD23
100
Regulation of IgE synthesis; triggers release of Il-1, Il-6, and GM-CSF from monocytes
CD23
101
55
CD25
102
Activated T, B cells, monocytes
CD25
103
Receptor for IL-2
CD25
104
85
CD44
105
Most leukocytes
CD44
106
Adhesion molecule mediating homing to peripheral lymphoid organs
CD44
107
180
CD45R
108
Different forms on all hematopoietic cells
CD45R
109
Essential in T and B cell antigen-stimulated activation
CD45R
110
175-220
CD56
111
NK cells, subsets of T cells
CD56 CD94
112
Not known
CD56
113
70
CD94
114
Subunit of NKG2-A complex involved in inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity
CD94

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY LECTURE (12 decks)

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