C5 - LESSON 2B: STAGES OF T CELL DIFFERENTIATION Flashcards
1
Q
– site of differentiation
A
Thymus
2
Q
– Lymphocyte Precursors
A
Thymocytes
3
Q
– Chemical messenger that dictates migration of thymocyte
A
Chemokines
4
Q
Early Surface markers of Thymocytes:
A
CD44 and CD25
5
Q
Maturation period:
A
3 weeks
6
Q
Early thymocyte
A
Double Negative Stage
7
Q
Lacks CD4 and CD8
A
Double Negative Stage
8
Q
Active Proliferation
A
Double Negative Stage
9
Q
Outer cortex
A
Double Negative Stage
10
Q
Influenced by Inteleukin-7
A
Double Negative Stage
11
Q
Antigen receptors
TCR, CD3, a-chain and b-chain
A
Double Negative Stage
12
Q
Contains both CD4 and CD8 markers
A
Double Positive Stage
13
Q
Expression of CD3ab Receptor Complex
A
Double Positive Stage
14
Q
Double positive cells with functioning TCR
A
Positive selection
15
Q
Deletion of developing T cells
A
Negative Selection
16
Q
Survivors of selection exhibit only one type of marker, either CD4 or CD8, and they migrate to the medulla.
A
Mature T Cells
17
Q
MHC Class II Protein
A
CD4+ T Cells
18
Q
Known as Helper or Inducer T Cells
A
CD4+ T Cells
19
Q
TH1 – IFN-y and TNF-b
A
CD4+ T Cells
20
Q
TH2 – IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL11
A
CD4+ T Cells
21
Q
MHC Class I Protein
A
CD8+ T Cells
22
Q
Cytotoxic T Cells
A
CD8+ T Cells
23
Q
Characterized by polyribosome filled cytoplasm
A
Antigen activation
24
Q
Express receptors for IL-2
A
Antigen activation
25
Antigen activation Activities:
Assisting B Cells in Antibody production
Kills tumor and other target cells
Rejects grafts
Stimulates hematopoiesis in the bone marrow
Stimulates delayed hypersensitivity reaction
26
Larger than T and B Cells (15um in diameter)
27
Ability to mediate cytolytic reactions and kill target cells without prior exposure
28
Early defenders-lacks specificity
29
Surface Markers: CD56 and CD16
30
They play an important role as a transitional cell bridging the innate and the acquired response to pathogens
31
Gives time for T and B cells to activate
32
Two subsets of NK cells
High level of CD56 and low or no CD16
CD56 and high levels of CD16
33
Reduce more cytokines and help support antibody production
High level of CD56 and low or no CD16
34
Have a higher cytotoxic activity
CD56 and high levels of CD16
35
Develop in the thymus
T CELLS
36
Found in blood (60-80% of circulating lymphocytes), thoracic duct fluid, lymph nodes
T CELLS
37
Identified by rosette formation with SRBC’s
T CELLS
38
End products of activation are cytokines
T CELLS
39
Antigens include CD2, CD3, CD4, and CD8
T CELLS
40
Located in paracortical region of lymph nodes
T CELLS
41
Develop in the bone marrow
B CELLS
42
Found in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes
B CELLS
43
Identified by surface immunoglobulin
B CELLS
44
End product of activation is antibody
B CELLS
45
Antigens include CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, MHC Class II
B CELLS
46
Located in cortical region of lymph nodes
B CELLS
47
arise in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells.
Undifferentiated lymphocytes
48
They mature in the primary lymphoid organs.
Undifferentiated lymphocytes
49
For B cells, this takes place in the (?), while T cells acquire their specificity in the (?).
bone marrow
thymus
50
B and T cells can be recognized by the presence of surface antigens, or CDs, that are detected by (?).
monoclonal antibodies
51
B cell markers include (?).
CD19, MHC class II proteins, and surface immunoglobulins
52
The (?) act as receptors for antigen.
surface immunoglobulins
53
allow B cells to interact with T helper cells in the production of antibody
MHC class II proteins
54
When contact with specific antigen occurs, (?) differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibody.
B cells
55
In the process, (?) are also created.
memory cells
56
These can rapidly respond the next time that same antigen is seen.
memory cells
57
Production of antibody is known as (?).
humoral immunity
58
T cells are distinguished by the presence of (?).
CD3, CD2, and either CD4 or CD8
59
is the receptor that interacts with sheep red blood cells to form rosettes, a simple test for the enumeration of T cells
CD2
60
Cells that express CD4 belong to a T-cell subset that includes (?), while CD8-carrying T cells are (?).
helper/inducer cells
cytotoxic/suppressor cells
61
The (?) serves as the receptor for antigen.
CD3 marker
62
The major portion of it is common to all T cells, but two chains—(?)—contain variable regions that can bind to only certain antigens.
alpha and beta
63
(?) go through a positive and then a negative selection process, whereby the surviving cells recognize MHC determinants along with foreign antigen.
T cells
64
The T cells are responsible for (?), which involves production of cytokines that serve as regulatory factors for the immune response.
cell-mediated immunity
65
A third class of lymphocytes, known as (?), are found in the peripheral blood and represent 5 to 15 percent of the total lymphocyte population.
NK cells
66
These are larger and contain more cytoplasm and granules than T or B cells.
NK cells
67
They are responsible for killing target cells, including those that are virally infected or cancerous, without previous exposure or sensitization to them.
NK cells
68
They do this by recognizing missing self-MHC antigens, in addition to detecting the presence of stress proteins on infected and cancerous cells.
NK cells
69
This is an important first line of defense against invasion by such cells.
NK cells
70
The Laboratory determination of individual lymphocyte populations is essential in diagnosis of such conditions as (?).
lymphomas, immunodeficiency diseases, unexplained infections, or acquired immune diseases such as AIDS
71
are identified using monoclonal antibodies directed against specific surface antigens.
Lymphocytes
72
They are enumerated through the use of (?), which categorizes cells on the basis of light scattering.
cell flow cytometry
73
eliminate subjectivity and are more precise, although more costly.
Automated methods
