C1 Plant Oils Flashcards Preview

GCSE AQA Chemistry Important > C1 Plant Oils > Flashcards

Flashcards in C1 Plant Oils Deck (25)
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1
Q

List 3 things that plant oil can be extracted from.

A

Fruit, seed and nut

2
Q

How are plant oils extracted?

A

Pressing or steam distillation

3
Q

Why are plant oils used in foods?

A

Provide energy and nutrients

4
Q

Why are plant oils used as fuels?

A

Give out energy but are renewable

5
Q

Why are vegetable oils used in cooking?

A

Higher boiling points so cook food at a higher temperature and so faster

6
Q

What is the disadvantage of cooking with vegetable oils rather than water?

A

Increases the energy content of the food

7
Q

Give benefits, drawbacks and risks for using vegetable oils to produces fuels like biodiesel

A

No modification of engine needed

Can be mixed with ordinary diesel

Less polluting as carbon neutral

Biodegrades

But lot of land is used instead of for food

Also increased use of fertilisers and GM crops

8
Q

Why does biodiesel produces no carbon dioxide overall?

A

Carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis is released during burning

9
Q

Do oils dissolve in water?

A

No

10
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

Mixture of 2 immiscible liquids

11
Q

What special properties do emulsions have?

A

Thicker texture, coating ability and better appearance

12
Q

What do emulsifiers do?

A

Stop the emulsion from separating

13
Q

Draw and label an emulsifier.

A
14
Q

How does an emulsifier work?

A

The Hydrophilic head is attracted to the water and the hydrophobic tail is attracted to the oil

15
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

Attracted to water

16
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Attracted to oil

17
Q

Give a disadvantage of using emulsifiers?

A

People could be allergic to additives

18
Q

Vegetable oils are unsaturated what does this mean?

A

Contains double bonds

19
Q

How can unsaturation be tested for?

A

Bromine water goes colourless

20
Q

What 3 things are needed to harden vegetable oils?

A

Hydrogen, nickel catalyst, 60⁰C

21
Q

What is the process of hardening vegetable oil called? Why?

A

Hydrogenation

22
Q

How does hardening vegetable oils change the melting points?

A

Makes them higher as solid at room temperature

23
Q

Give 2 uses of hardened vegetable oils.

A

Cakes and pastries and as spreads

24
Q

Too much dietary fat and not enough exercise can lead to what?

A

Obesity

25
Q

Give 2 problems that saturated fats can lead to?

A

Heart disease and stoke