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WSET 3 - Geoff > C11 - Wine and the Law > Flashcards

C11 - Wine and the Law Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary concern of authorities in charge of food and beverage legislation?

A

To ensure that what is sold is safe and fit for human consumption

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2
Q

Give an example of an area of food safety which is particularly important in the area of wine

A

SO2 - High levels can be toxic
In most countries, the words ‘contains sulphites’ must appear on the label but fermentation produces an amount of sulfites so they may be required to put it on the label even if they do not at SO2

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3
Q

What is the main responsibility of the entity that puts a product on sale when it comes to labelling?

A

That descriptions and claims made on packaging are accurate

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4
Q

What is the result on labelling legislation stemming from the necessity of accurate information

A

Label information needs to be clear and able to be checked

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5
Q

Which two aspects of label integrity are the most important?

A

Geographical indications

Legally defined quality and style indications

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6
Q

Why are geographical indications a common feature on a wine label?

A

Because the area where grapes are grown can have a defining influence on the style and quality of the wine

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7
Q

Literally speaking, what is a GI?

A

A designated vineyard area within a country

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8
Q

Roughly how large are GIs?

A

They can cover an entire region (e.g. Bordeaux) or a single vineyard (e.g. La Romanee)

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9
Q

What is a major risk for wines that sell at a premium price?

A

Fraud

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10
Q

Why is GI law relatively complicated?

A

Because when more than one country is involved in the making of the wine, more than one jurisdiction is at play

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11
Q

How are the complications of GI law managed uniformly?

A

A GI system has been created by the WTO which all major wine producing countries adhere to

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12
Q

Give an example of a wine-labelling situation which has been changed as a result of WTO GIs/agreements

A

Australians no longer use the term ‘Chablis’ (or any EU GIs) for any of their wines

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13
Q

List two important regulations enforced regarding WTO GIs

A

If a GI is stated on a label, then typically 85% of the liquid in the bottle will come from that GI (this is not a standard though)
There are significant variations between the way that GI legislation within the EU and outside of it

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14
Q

How are standards different for PDOs?

A

100% of grapes must come from the stated region for PDOs

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15
Q

How many quality categories are EU GIs split into? What are they?

A

Two
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) - AC or AOC in France - Appellation d’origine protegee
Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)
PDOs are smaller areas with more tightly defined regulations

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16
Q

What is increasingly being used in France in place of Vin de Pays?

A

IGP (Indication géographique protegee)

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17
Q

What makes european GIs unique?

A

Local laws will typically also state what grape varieties can be grown and what grape-growing and winemaking techniques can be used

18
Q

What is the theoretical result of european GIs combining with stringent local laws?

A

By identifying grape varieties and processes that were used create the region’s best wines, the system can protect what is seen as the unique identity of local wines

19
Q

What does the european GI system promote?

A

Quality and fraud prevention

20
Q

How is the principle that european GI laws prevent fraud, further reinforced by PDO law?

A

PDO rules state that 100% of grapes must come from the stated GI

21
Q

Give two reasons as to why many producers prefer to make wines in the PGI category as opposed to the PDO category

A

The PGI category allows the use of non-traditional varieties in the blend
Rules governing production are less strict

22
Q

Loosely describe PGI wines

A

They can range from wines of exceptional quality which simply fall outside of PDO boundaries, to inexpensive high-volume wines

23
Q

What is a notable labelling difference between PGI wines and PDO wines?

A

PGI wines will usually state grape variety on the label

24
Q

What category of wine offers european winemakers the most flexible production rules?

A

Wine without a GI

25
Q

Give an example of what a wine brand owner may be able to create without the restrictions of GI rules

A

Create multi-regional blends by sourcing grapes from different parts of a country, or even multi-national blends

26
Q

Nearly on non EU wines fall into what legal production category?

A

Wines with a GI

27
Q

What is the major difference between EU and non-EU GI wines?

A

Non-EU wines are not governed by local laws to define and limit what local varieties can be planted

28
Q

What is rarely seen on the label of a non-EU wine?

A

Legal terms such as Ward, AVA or Zone

29
Q

When is alcohol consumption not considered as harmful to health?

A

When consumed in moderation

30
Q

What is the behavioural effect of too much alcohol being consumed by one person?

A

It can significantly affect their behaviour, often in dangerous and socially unacceptable ways

31
Q

Besides behavioural connotations, what are the other potential undesirable effects of alcohol in excess?

A

It can be addictive

It can have negative effects on short-term and long-term health

32
Q

In which cultures is alcohol consumption banned altogether?

A

In those which consider it socially unacceptable

33
Q

How are limits applied to access and harmful effects of wine by governments?

A

By using legislation

34
Q

What are the two biggest focuses of alcohol legislation in most countries?

A

A minimum age being set for personal consumption

Blood alcohol levels when driving

35
Q

How is blood alcohol usually expressed?

A

mg of ethanol per ml of blood

36
Q

Why is drink-driving monitored? (What are the main effects which make drink-driving dangerous?)

A

Alcohol reduces co-ordination, slows reaction times and increases risk-taking, therefore driving or operating machinery under the influence of alcohol significantly increases the risk of injury or death for the operator/driver and those around them

37
Q

How else do governments sometimes encourage safe alcohol consumption?

A

By publishing ‘sensible drinking’ guidelines

38
Q

What is the main constituent of sensible drinking guidelines?

A

Recommended daily and weekly maximum consumption amounts expressed as fixed quantities of alcohol or ‘units’

39
Q

How may a government place limits on advertising and marketing of alcohol?

A

Through voluntary industry codes
Through direct legislation
A combination of both

40
Q

What are marketing and advertising legislation designed to do?

A

Place limits on lifestyle claims that can be made or encourage/require the use of responsible drinking messaging in advertising and on packaging

WSET 3 - Geoff (45 decks)

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