C1250-1500

Question 1

What’ Infantry?

Answer 1

Soldiers on foot

Question 2

Archer

Answer 2

Foot soldiers who
used longbows

Question 3

Mounted Knight?

Answer 3

Fought on
horseback

Question 4

Mercenaries

Answer 4

Soldiers paid to fight

Question 5

Indenture

Answer 5

contract between the King and a
knight, stating how much the knight will be paid

Question 6

Assize of Arms?

Answer 6

method of recruiting soldiers -
wealthiest had to give more support to King

Question 7

Feudal Summons

Answer 7

barons who received land
from King were required to fight for 40 days

Question 8

General Summons

Answer 8

all knights asked to volunteer to fight

Question 9

Swords?

Answer 9

Expensive,status symbols

Question 10

Bows?

Answer 10

3 types
Recurve bows,crossbows and longbows

Question 11

Spears

Answer 11

Cheap

Question 12

Trebuchets?

Answer 12

Flung rocks good to destroy castle defence

Question 13

The Crusades

Answer 13

series of religious wars in
12th & 13th centuries
Christian Europeans fought Muslims in
the Holy Land of the Middle East from
1095, both trying to defend Jerusalem

Question 14

Schiltrons

Answer 14

Groups of men
protected by shields and
long spears, moved together
and effective against soldiers
on horseback

Question 15

Impact on Civilians?

Answer 15

Invasions had big impact on civilians
Armies terrorised and captured civilians
and destroyed crops, livestock and homes
Knights treated civilians cruelly, often
killing them without reason

Question 16

Gunpowder & Cannons

Answer 16

Handguns used gunpower to fire stone balls -
were bulky, inaccurate and could injure user
Cannons fired balls of stone - could only be
shot few times a day and prone to burst
King James II of Scotland was killed when his
cannon burst in 1460

Question 17

Battle of Falkirk 1298

Answer 17

• Edward I and Wallace’s armies
  fought on July 22nd
• Wallace’s forces were greatly
  outnumbered
• They were set up in 4 schiltrons and
  were protected by cavalry and
  archers
• However, English defeated cavalry,
  archers and then the schiltrons
• Wallace survived the battle and
  escaped but resigned as guardian of
  Scotland

Question 18

The Battle of Agincourt 1415

Answer 18

• Henry V’s forces arrived in Normandy seeking
  to expand English territory
• French had an army outnumbering the English
  5 to 1
• Henry positioned his army on a field
  surrounded by woods and stationed his
  soldiers with longbows
• French cavalry advanced, but had to cross a
  muddy field which slowed them down and
  made them easier to attack
• The battle was short- some believe only 30
  minutes
• It is estimated the English lost 400 lives, and
  the French 6,000