cold war

Question 1

when was the Yalta conference and what was agreed?

Answer 1

February 1945
-Germany and Berlin would be divided into 4u zones, -Germany to pay 20 million reperations (and 1/2 will go to the Soviets)

Question 2

what were the consequences of the yalta conference?

Answer 2

-Showed lack of agreement eg over reparation process
-showed stalin wanted lots of land

Question 3

when was the Tehran Conference and what was agreed?

Answer 3

-1943
-USSR could keep land in Eastern Europe if they won the war ( to make Germany weaker)
-An international organisation would be created
-USA and Britain launch another attack on Germany so German army would reduce troops in the East

Question 4

what were the consequences of the Tehran Conference?

Answer 4

-very good and beneficial for the USSR
-gain lots of land

Question 5

When as the Potsdam conference and what was agreed?

Answer 5

July 1945
-Germany would be demilitarised,
-there would be democracy,
-Soviets would gain 1/4 of goods made in Western Europe in return for supplying food and coal

Question 6

what were the consequences of the Potsdam conference?

Answer 6

-lots of disagreements, it highlighted the differences between capitalism and communism

Question 7

when was the atomic bomb dropped, where and how many people died?

Answer 7

-6th August 1945
-Truman dropped it over Hiroshima and Nagasaki
-over 120,000

Question 8

what were the consequences of the atomic bomb dropping?

Answer 8

USSR saw the USA as a great danger to the world
-Stalin took control of more land between USSR and Germany as a ‘buffer zone’

Question 9

describe the first telegram sent out and when?

Answer 9

-1946
-Long telegram- Kennan sent a detailed telegram about the USSR’s attitude towards the USA (that Stalin wanted disruption of (capitalism

Question 10

what were the consequences of the Long telegram?

Answer 10

USA started ‘containment’
-which meant keeping communism in the USSR only

Question 11

describe the second telegram and when was it?

Answer 11

-1946
-Novikov telegram
-sent by soviet diplomat, shows USA didn’t trust USSR
-showed that America not afraid of war

Question 12

what were the consequences of the Novikov Telegram

Answer 12

-USSR felt the need to occupy more land for safety

Question 13

What was the iron curtain speech?

Answer 13

Winston Churchill’s speech when he said that Europe is divided by “an iron curtain” in 1946 , behind it was USSR controlled countries

Question 14

what were the consequences of the iron curtain speech

Answer 14

-increased tension
-both sides strengthened their forces

Question 15

why were satellite states made?

Answer 15

-barrier between Germany and USSR
-showed power and strength
-increase of communist influence

Question 16

name 5 satellite states and how/when

Answer 16

-East Germany
-Poland- 1947 as a communist government
-Czechoslovakia- 1948 a communist government
-Hungary - 1949
-Romania- voted communist after intimidation

Question 17

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 17

• 12th March 1947
  -Truman announced he would provide economic help to countries being threatened by communism
  -promised 400 million dollars, sent US soldiers to Greece and Turkey

Question 18

what followed the Truman Doctrine? describe it

Answer 18

-Marshall plan- gave 12.7 billion dollars between 1948-52
-economic aid to countries hit by war
-offered money to satellite states, stalin refused

Question 19

What did Stalin call the Marshall Plan?

Answer 19

-Dollar imperialism
-he thought it was the USA trying to be more powerful and create American Empire in Europe

Question 20

what were the consequences of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

Answer 20

-friendly Grand Alliance now gone
-USA in direct opposition to USSR
-Europe divided into Western and East

Question 21

What was Cominform? When?

Answer 21

1947- every Eastern Europe country was to follow Stalin’s ordered, every country would have a cominform office

Question 22

what was Comecon? When?

Answer 22

1949
-no Eastern Europe country could take money from the USA
-there would be trade only between communist countries, communist party took over all industries

Question 23

what were the consequences of comecon and cominform?

Answer 23

-increased tensions
-made divide greater

Question 24

what was the Berlin Crisis and when?

Answer 24

-March 1948
-USA , Britain and France united their zones in Trizonia
-they created.a currency called Deutshmark

Question 25

what was the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 25

-USSR blocked off any land route in and out of Berlin
-this stopped food and essentials reaching Trizonia

Question 26

when and what was the Berlin Airlift?

Answer 26

-June 1948 to May 1949
-America flew in food and resources instead
-there was a risk the planes might have been shot but it didnt happen
-over 1000 tonnes of food flown in
-After a year, Stalin removed the blockade

Question 27

what were the consequences of the Berlin Airlift?

Answer 27

-made Stalin look weak
-West proved they could success peacefully
-3 days after, USA, Britain and France officially united

Question 28

When and what was NATO?

Answer 28

-1949
-Western powers eg USA Britain France and 9 others united
-from 1949 American troops stationed in Europe

Question 29

When and what was the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 29

-1955
-all of Satellite States, lead by the Soviet Union
-promised supoort

Question 30

Describe the 6 stages of the arms race

Answer 30

-atomic bomb 1945
-1949 soviets made their own
-1950 American Hydrogen Bomb
-1957 Soviet Hydrogen Bomb
-USA ballistic missiles
-2 months later, Soviets also had ballistic missiles

Question 31

what occurred under Khrushchev’s leadership?

Answer 31

-he openly criticises Stalin, he suggests peace
-the reasons as to why people had hope for peace:
-war in Korea ended
-both countries broke from arms race
-Austria 1955 meeting had calmed tensions

Question 32

How did the Hungarian Uprising start?

Answer 32

-Hungary didnt like Soviet control
-they couldn’t vote, food shortages, their leader was bruta;

Question 33

what were the consequences of these attitudes?

Answer 33

-protested in Budapest
-tore down statue of Stalin
-Scoviets had lack of control

Question 35

how did Khrushchev respond to the Hungarian Uprising?

Answer 35

-sent the red army to stop the riots
-tried to please them with a new leader Imre Nagy

Question 36

what did Imre Nagy follow?

Answer 36

-wanted voting and dictatorship
-asked for political prisoners to be freed
-asked Khrushchev to remove politocal troops

Question 37

what happened in November 1956 and the consequences?

Answer 37

-Nagy said that Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact
-Khrushchev felt that other countries might follow and copy

Question 38

when and what was the soviet union invasion of Hungary?

Answer 38

-4th November 1956
-Khrushchev sent in the red army, Hungarians fought back and America didnt help Hungary because of their containment policy and the risk

Question 39

what were the short term consequences?

Answer 39

-uprising failed
-20,000 Soviet troops in Hungary
-20.000 Hungarians killed
-Nagy and his supporters executed