cold war Flashcards

1
Q

when was the Yalta conference and what was agreed?

A

February 1945
-Germany and Berlin would be divided into 4u zones, -Germany to pay 20 million reperations (and 1/2 will go to the Soviets)

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2
Q

what were the consequences of the yalta conference?

A

-Showed lack of agreement eg over reparation process
-showed stalin wanted lots of land

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3
Q

when was the Tehran Conference and what was agreed?

A

-1943
-USSR could keep land in Eastern Europe if they won the war ( to make Germany weaker)
-An international organisation would be created
-USA and Britain launch another attack on Germany so German army would reduce troops in the East

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4
Q

what were the consequences of the Tehran Conference?

A

-very good and beneficial for the USSR
-gain lots of land

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5
Q

When as the Potsdam conference and what was agreed?

A

July 1945
-Germany would be demilitarised,
-there would be democracy,
-Soviets would gain 1/4 of goods made in Western Europe in return for supplying food and coal

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6
Q

what were the consequences of the Potsdam conference?

A

-lots of disagreements, it highlighted the differences between capitalism and communism

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7
Q

when was the atomic bomb dropped, where and how many people died?

A

-6th August 1945
-Truman dropped it over Hiroshima and Nagasaki
-over 120,000

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8
Q

what were the consequences of the atomic bomb dropping?

A

USSR saw the USA as a great danger to the world
-Stalin took control of more land between USSR and Germany as a ‘buffer zone’

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9
Q

describe the first telegram sent out and when?

A

-1946
-Long telegram- Kennan sent a detailed telegram about the USSR’s attitude towards the USA (that Stalin wanted disruption of (capitalism

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10
Q

what were the consequences of the Long telegram?

A

USA started ‘containment’
-which meant keeping communism in the USSR only

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11
Q

describe the second telegram and when was it?

A

-1946
-Novikov telegram
-sent by soviet diplomat, shows USA didn’t trust USSR
-showed that America not afraid of war

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12
Q

what were the consequences of the Novikov Telegram

A

-USSR felt the need to occupy more land for safety

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13
Q

What was the iron curtain speech?

A

Winston Churchill’s speech when he said that Europe is divided by “an iron curtain” in 1946 , behind it was USSR controlled countries

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14
Q

what were the consequences of the iron curtain speech

A

-increased tension
-both sides strengthened their forces

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15
Q

why were satellite states made?

A

-barrier between Germany and USSR
-showed power and strength
-increase of communist influence

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16
Q

name 5 satellite states and how/when

A

-East Germany
-Poland- 1947 as a communist government
-Czechoslovakia- 1948 a communist government
-Hungary - 1949
-Romania- voted communist after intimidation

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17
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A
  • 12th March 1947
    -Truman announced he would provide economic help to countries being threatened by communism
    -promised 400 million dollars, sent US soldiers to Greece and Turkey
18
Q

what followed the Truman Doctrine? describe it

A

-Marshall plan- gave 12.7 billion dollars between 1948-52
-economic aid to countries hit by war
-offered money to satellite states, stalin refused

19
Q

What did Stalin call the Marshall Plan?

A

-Dollar imperialism
-he thought it was the USA trying to be more powerful and create American Empire in Europe

20
Q

what were the consequences of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

A

-friendly Grand Alliance now gone
-USA in direct opposition to USSR
-Europe divided into Western and East

21
Q

What was Cominform? When?

A

1947- every Eastern Europe country was to follow Stalin’s ordered, every country would have a cominform office

22
Q

what was Comecon? When?

A

1949
-no Eastern Europe country could take money from the USA
-there would be trade only between communist countries, communist party took over all industries

23
Q

what were the consequences of comecon and cominform?

A

-increased tensions
-made divide greater

24
Q

what was the Berlin Crisis and when?

A

-March 1948
-USA , Britain and France united their zones in Trizonia
-they created.a currency called Deutshmark

25
Q

what was the Berlin Blockade?

A

-USSR blocked off any land route in and out of Berlin
-this stopped food and essentials reaching Trizonia

26
Q

when and what was the Berlin Airlift?

A

-June 1948 to May 1949
-America flew in food and resources instead
-there was a risk the planes might have been shot but it didnt happen
-over 1000 tonnes of food flown in
-After a year, Stalin removed the blockade

27
Q

what were the consequences of the Berlin Airlift?

A

-made Stalin look weak
-West proved they could success peacefully
-3 days after, USA, Britain and France officially united

28
Q

When and what was NATO?

A

-1949
-Western powers eg USA Britain France and 9 others united
-from 1949 American troops stationed in Europe

29
Q

When and what was the Warsaw Pact?

A

-1955
-all of Satellite States, lead by the Soviet Union
-promised supoort

30
Q

Describe the 6 stages of the arms race

A

-atomic bomb 1945
-1949 soviets made their own
-1950 American Hydrogen Bomb
-1957 Soviet Hydrogen Bomb
-USA ballistic missiles
-2 months later, Soviets also had ballistic missiles

31
Q

what occurred under Khrushchev’s leadership?

A

-he openly criticises Stalin, he suggests peace
-the reasons as to why people had hope for peace:
-war in Korea ended
-both countries broke from arms race
-Austria 1955 meeting had calmed tensions

32
Q

How did the Hungarian Uprising start?

A

-Hungary didnt like Soviet control
-they couldn’t vote, food shortages, their leader was bruta;

33
Q

what were the consequences of these attitudes in Hungarian Uprising?

A

-protested in Budapest
-tore down statue of Stalin
-Scoviets had lack of control

34
Q

What were the long term consequences of Hungary?

A
  • Khruschev seemed more powerful
  • new leader in hungary
  • Showed eastern Europe that America wont help them, made Usa look weak
35
Q

how did Khrushchev respond to the Hungarian Uprising?

A

-sent the red army to stop the riots
-tried to please them with a new leader Imre Nagy

36
Q

what did Imre Nagy follow?

A

-wanted voting and dictatorship
-asked for political prisoners to be freed
-asked Khrushchev to remove politocal troops

37
Q

what happened in November 1956 and the consequences?

A

-Nagy said that Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact
-Khrushchev felt that other countries might follow and copy

38
Q

when and what was the soviet union invasion of Hungary?

A

-4th November 1956
-Khrushchev sent in the red army, Hungarians fought back and America didnt help Hungary because of their containment policy and the risk

39
Q

what were the short term consequences of invasion of Hungary?

A

-uprising failed
-20,000 Soviet troops in Hungary
-20.000 Hungarians killed
-Nagy and his supporters executed

40
Q
A