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GCSE AQA Chemistry > C14 - Earth's Resources > Flashcards

C14 - Earth's Resources Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

finite

A

used up at a faster rate than they are replaced
-will run out

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2
Q

renewable

A

replaced at same rate they are used at
biofuels

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3
Q

examples of finite resources in industry

A

metal ores
crude oil
limestone

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4
Q

metal ores

A

extraction of metals

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5
Q

crude oil

A

-polymers
-petrol

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6
Q

limestone

A

-cement
-concrete

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7
Q

Earth’s natural resources will make

A

make new products
-provide energy
-warmth, shelter, food

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8
Q

renewable resources use

A

renewable crop for ethene
- makes plastics more sustainable
-wood chips = biofuel

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9
Q

time before fossil fuels run out

A

only estimates
- uncertain of calculations

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10
Q

uses of water

A

agriculture
- solvent
-coolant
- washing

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11
Q

potable water

A

fit to drink

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12
Q

impurities of water

A

-dissolved minerals
- microbes

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13
Q

potable water will have

A

low amount of impurities

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14
Q

potable water is not

A

pure
-dissolved substances still

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15
Q

uk rainfall

A

-falls to ground
-replenishes fresh water stores
- seeps down through soil/rocks to underground sources
-obtained by drilling down to water well

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16
Q

aquifer

A

body of rock and/or sediment that holds groundwater.

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17
Q

water treatment - screen

A

passes through a screen of metal bars
- to catch twigs

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18
Q

water treatment - settlement tank

A

soil and sand will settle out

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19
Q

water treatment - sludge is formed

A

-aluminium sulfate + lime added
- small particles clump together
-sludge is formed and dumped

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20
Q

water treatment - fine sand beds

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A

-filtered through fine sand beds
- removes remaining solid particles (grit)

21
Q

water treatment - chlorine

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A
  • kills bacteria
  • or ozone /uv light is used
22
Q

purifying sea water

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A
  • distillation (expensive)
  • reverse osmosis
22
Q

water treatment - pH check

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A
  • checked for neutral
    -and stored ready for use
23
Q

desalination of salty water

24
reverse osmosis
membranes separate water and dissolved salts - uses less energy than distillation -still uses energy for high pressures needed
25
sewage treatment - screening
- remove large objects + grit -metal grid does this
26
sewage treatment - primary treatment
-solid sediment settle - large paddles rotate to push sludge out for further treatment
27
sewage treatment - watery liquid
effluent flows to next tank
28
sewage treatment - secondary treatment
-useful bacteria feeds on any harmful microbes -breaks down aerobically in effluent
29
sewage treatment - final treatment
- useful bacteria leaves to sludge -safe now - water may be sterilised bu uv or chlorine
30
treating sewage sludge
- digested anaerobically by micro organisms - dried after - used for fertiliser/biofuel
31
Extracting copper methods - sulfuric acid
-produces copper sulfate solution - extracted
32
sewage treatment - smelting
ore is heated to produce impure copper - electrolysis to purify
33
sewage treatment - displacement using scrap iron
iron displaces copper from its compound
34
extracting copper for low grade ores
-bioleaching - phytomining - avoids mining, digging
35
bioleaching
uses bacteria to feed on ore - leachate (copper ion) must be purified
36
phytomining
plants that absorb copper ions are grown on soil containing ore - burned after harvested to produce ash with metal
37
Life cycle assessment - assesses
impact on environment
38
LCA - factors
- obtaining/processing of raw materials - manufacturing + packaging - use during its lifetime - disposal
39
LCA - not purely objective
- assigning numerical value to effects uses subjective judgements
40
we should reduce
use of limited resources use of energy sources waste + environmental impacts
41
products from limited raw materials
- metals - glass -clay ceramics - plastics
42
environmental impacts are caused by
quarrying mining
43
Reuse
glass bottle -crushed and melted
44
recycling metals
- melting - recasting - reforming into a new product
45
recycling - separation
-depends on material -properties of final new product
46
recycling pros
saves energy and finite metal ores - pollution is reduced from mining
47
eg of metal recycling
scrap steel added to iron from a blast furnace - reduces amount of iron that needs to be extracted from ore

GCSE AQA Chemistry (36 decks)

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