C15

Question 1

What is corrosion?

Answer 1

Chemical reaction between a metal and the environment which can affect its appearance and strength

Question 2

Word equation for rust

Answer 2

iron + oxygen + water –> hydrated iron

Question 3

Scientifc name for rust

Answer 3

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

Question 4

What type of reaction is rusting?

Answer 4

Oxidation reaction

Question 5

What 3 ways can be used to prevent rusting?

Answer 5

• Physical barriers
• Galvanisation
• Sacrifical protection

Question 6

What 3 things can be coated to iron or steel to prevent it rusting?

Answer 6

• Paint
• Oil or grease
• Plastic

Question 7

Useful properties of copper

Answer 7

• conducts electricity well
• malleable
• conducts heat well
• unreactive

Question 8

What is an alloy of copper and zinc?

Answer 8

Brass

Question 9

What are metals reacting with in the environment when they corrode?

Answer 9

• Oxygen
• Water

Question 10

Examples of metal alloys

Answer 10

• gold
• steel
• aluminium

Question 11

What are ceramics?

Answer 11

Ceramics are non-metal solids with high melting points that arent made from carbon-based compounds

Question 12

What type of glass is commonly used in kitchenware and chemical glassware?

Answer 12

Pyrex

Question 13

2 types of glass ceramics

Answer 13

• soda lime glass
• pyrex

Question 14

Conditions to produce low density poly(ethene)

Answer 14

• moderate temperatures
• catalyst
• high pressure

Question 15

Uses of LDPE

Answer 15

• bags
• bottles

Question 16

How are clay ceramics made?

Answer 16

By shaping a wet clay and then heating in a furnace using a mould

Question 17

Examples of clay cermaics

Answer 17

• pottery
• bricks

Question 18

What are composites?

Answer 18

Composites are made of one material embedded in another

Question 19

Name the raw material that is common to both soda-lime glass and borosillicate glass

Answer 19

Sand (SiO2)

Question 20

Examples of composites

Answer 20

• wood
• concrete
• fibreglass

Question 21

What are the 2 materials in composites?

Answer 21

• matrix (binder)
• reinforcement

Question 22

What is the matrix in concrete?

Answer 22

cement

Question 23

Uses of HDPE

Answer 23

• water tanks
• drainpipes

Question 24

What are thermosoftening polymers?

Answer 24

Thermosoftening polymers contain individual polymer chains entwined together with weak forces between these chains.

Question 25

What type of polymers can be melted and remoulded?

Answer 25

Thermosoftening polymers

Question 26

What are thermosetting polymers?

Answer 26

Thermosetting polymers contain monomers that can form cross-links between the polymer chains, holding the chains together in a solid structure.

Question 27

Features of thermosetting polymers

Answer 27

- Hard - Opaque - Good electrical and heat resistance - Brittle

Question 28

What do plants need nitrogen for?

Answer 28

To make proteins

Question 29

How do plants absorb nitrogen?

Answer 29

In the form of soluble nitrates from the soil

Question 30

Conditions used in the Haber Process

Answer 30

- High pressure (200 atm) - Iron catalyst - 450 Celsius

Question 31

Equation for Haber Process

Answer 31

N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3

Question 32

Reactants for Haber process

Answer 32

- Nitrogen - Hydrogen

Question 33

What is the desired product of the Haber Process?

Answer 33

Ammonia

Question 34

What 3 elements do NPK fertilisers contain?

Answer 34

- Nitrogen - Phosophorus - Potassium

Question 35

Why are formulated fertilisers better than manure?

Answer 35

- odorless - increased availability - not as complex to use

Question 36

Why is ammonium nitrate so ideal for use in fertilisers?

Answer 36

It contains nitrogen from 2 source

Question 37

Main sources of soluble potassium

Answer 37

- Potassium chloride - Potassium sulfate

Question 38

Phosphate Rock + Sulfuric Acid ------- ?

Answer 38

Single superphosphate

Question 39

State a source of nitrogen gas that is used in the Haber process

Answer 39

air

Question 40

Suggest 2 reasons why copper should not be disposed off in landfill sites

Answer 40

- Copper can be reused/recycled - Copper is expensive