C9

Question 1

What atoms do hydrocarbons contain?

Answer 1

Hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

What is the simplest hydrocarbon you can get?

Answer 2

Alkanes

Question 3

What’s the alkanes formula?

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

What are alkenes apart of?

Answer 4

Homologous

Question 5

What are alkenes?

Answer 5

Saturated compounds ( 4 single covalent bonds )

Question 6

What are the first four alkanes

Answer 6

Methane,ethane,propane and butane

Question 7

Formula for methane?

Answer 7

CH4

Question 8

Formula for ethane?

Answer 8

C2H6

Question 9

Formula for propane?

Answer 9

C3H8

Question 10

Formula for butane?

Answer 10

C4H10

Question 11

What happens as the chain gets longer?

Answer 11

Hydrocarbon properties change

Question 12

The shorter the carbon chain…

Answer 12

More runny a hydrocarbon is

Question 13

What is a charecteristic of a shorter carbon chain?

Answer 13

They are more volatile (lower boiling point)
More flammable the hydrocarbon is

Question 14

What are short chain hydrocarbons used as?

Answer 14

Bottled gases

Question 15

When does complete combistion occur?

Answer 15

When there’s plenty of oxygen

Question 16

What is the waste product in complete combustion?

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 17

Hydrogen + oxygen =

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

Question 18

During combustion what is oxidised?

Answer 18

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 19

?

Answer 19

.

Question 20

What is 1 example crude oil is used to make?

Answer 20

Fuels

Question 21

How often is crude oil made?

Answer 21

Over a long period of time

Question 22

What type of fuel is a crude oil

Answer 22

A fossil fuel

Question 23

How is crude oil made?

Answer 23

From the remains of plants and animals that died million of years ago (plankton)

Question 24

Where can crude oil be found?

Answer 24

The remains from years ago which can drilled up from the rocks

Question 25

Whats the issue with fossil fuels?

Answer 25

They are non renewable fuels and they are being used up faster than being made. And one day they'll run out

Question 26

Name some fossil fuels?

Answer 26

Coal, oil and gas

Question 27

What can fractional distilation be used to?

Answer 27

Seperate hydrocarbons

Question 28

What are crude oils?

Answer 28

A mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons (most alkenes)

Question 29

How are compounds in crude oils seperated?

Answer 29

1) The oil is heated and most of it turns to gas and the gases enter a fractionating column 2) In the column theres a temperature gradient 3) The longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points. They condense the liquid and drain early on. The shorter hydrocarbons have lower boiling points and condense and drain at the top of the column. 4) You finally end up with crude oil seperated in different fractions

Question 30

What does LPG mostly contain?

Answer 30

Propane and butane

Question 31

APR 3C

Answer 31

Cool

Question 32

APR 8C

Answer 32

Petrol

Question 33

APR 15C

Answer 33

Kerosene

Question 34

APR 20C

Answer 34

Disel oil

Question 35

Apr 40C

Answer 35

Heavy fuel oil or lubricating oil

Question 36

What element is Very hot

Answer 36

Bitumen

Question 37

What's temperature gradient?

Answer 37

It's hot at the bottom and cooler as you go up

Question 38

What is made from crude oil?

Answer 38

Diesel oil, kersesone, heavy fuel oil and LPG

Question 39

What does the petrochemical industry use the hydrocarbons from crude oil for?

Answer 39

- feedstock to make new compounds for the use of polymers,solvents,lubricants and detergents

Question 40

What are all the products you get from crude oil an example of?

Answer 40

Organic compounds

Question 41

Why do you get a variety of products?

Answer 41

Carbon atoms can bond together to form the homologous series

Question 42

What does cracking mean?

Answer 42

Splitting up long chain hydrocarbons

Question 43

Why are short chain hydrocarbons good?

Answer 43

They're flammable and make good fuels that are in high demand

Question 44

Why are long chain hydrocarbons unuseful?

Answer 44

They fom thick gloopy liquids

Question 45

How are the longer carbon atoms more useful?

Answer 45

By using cracking

Question 46

What does cracking also produce?

Answer 46

Alkenes

Question 47

What are alkenes?

Answer 47

They are used as a starting material to make other compounds and can be used to make polymers

Question 48

What type of reaction is cracking?

Answer 48

Thermal decomposition

Question 49

What is thermal decomposition?

Answer 49

Breaking molecules down by heating them

Question 50

What are the steps of thermal decomposition?

Answer 50

1) Heat the long chain hydrocarbons and turn them into gas(vapour) 2) the vapour is passed to a hot powered alaminium oxide catalyst

Question 51

Whats catalystic cracking?

Answer 51

The long chain molecules split apart on the surface of the catalyst

Question 52

Whats steam cracking?

Answer 52

Vaporise the hydrocarbon and mix them with steam and heat with a high temeprature