C1.5 Fuels (unfinished)

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound that only containes hydrogen and carbon molecules

Question 2

What are some examples of fossil fuels?

Answer 2

• crude oil
• natural gas
• coal

Question 3

How are crude oil and natural gas made?

Answer 3

• fossils of sea animals and plants fall to the bottom of the sea bed
• these are trapped by layers of sediment which keep oxygen away which means they don’t decay
• as layers of sediment increase the heat and pressure created turn the fossils into oil or natural gas

Question 4

What is crude oil?

Answer 4

A mixture of different sized hydrocarbon molecules

Question 5

What does it mean when a fuel is non-renewable?

Answer 5

It is a finite resource, it will not last forever

Question 6

Is crude oil renewable or non-renewable?

Answer 6

Non-renewable

Question 7

How is crude oil seperated into different fractions?

Answer 7

By using a fractional distillation column

Question 8

What are the uses of gases obtained from crude oil?

Answer 8

• as fuel, liquid petroleum gas (LPG)
• bottled gases for camping stoves
• cooking and heating in homes

Question 9

What is a use of petrol?

Answer 9

As fuel for cars

Question 10

What is a use of kerosene?

Answer 10

As fuel for aircraft

Question 11

What is a use of diesel oil?

Answer 11

As fuel for diesel engines

Question 12

What are the uses of fuel oil?

Answer 12

• fuel for large ships and power stations
• fuel for heating
• lubricating oil

Question 13

What are the uses of bitumen?

Answer 13

• to surface roads

- waterproofing flat roofs

Question 14

What properties does the length of a carbon chain in a hydrocarbon affect?

Answer 14

• viscosity
• ease of ignition
• boiling point

Question 15

What is collected at the top of the column during the fractional distillation of crude oil?

Answer 15

Gases

Question 16

What is collected at the bottom of the column during the fractional distillation of crude oil?

Answer 16

Bitumen

Question 17

What happens to the size of carbon chains as you go down the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 17

They get longer

Question 18

What happens to the size of carbon chains as you go up the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 18

They get shorter

Question 19

What happens to the ease of ignition as you down the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 19

It gets more difficult

Question 20

What happens to boiling point as you go up the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 20

It gets lower

Question 21

What happens to boiling point as you go down the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 21

It increases

Question 22

What happens to viscosity as you go up the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 22

It gets runnier

Question 23

What happens to viscosity as you go down the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 23

It gets thicker

Question 24

What happens to the ease of ignition as you go up the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 24

It gets easier

Question 25

What is combustion?

Answer 25

An oxidation reaction between fuel and oxygen that produces heat and light energy

Question 26

What happens to anhydrous copper sulphate when water is added?

Answer 26

It turns blue

Question 27

What does the complete combustion of hydrocarbons produce?

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide + water

Question 28

What is the word equation for the complete combustion of methane?

Answer 28

Methane + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 29

What is the symbol for methane?

Answer 29

CH^4

Question 30

What causes the combustion of a hydrocarbon to be incomplete?

Answer 30

Not having enough oxygen present

Question 31

What can be produced during the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Answer 31

- carbon monoxide | - soot

Question 32

What are the different combinations of products that can be produced from the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Answer 32

- carbon + water - carbon monoxide + water - carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + carbon + water

Question 33

What is soot?

Answer 33

Solid particles of carbon

Question 34

Why is carbon monoxide a toxic gas?

Answer 34

It reduces the amount of oxygen that the body can carry which can kill people

Question 35

Why is carbon monoxide hard to detect?

Answer 35

It is colourless and odourless

Question 36

How can people reduce the risk of getting poisoned by carbon monoxide?

Answer 36

- servicing all fuel-burning appliances regularly | - installing a carbon monoxide detector

Question 37

What problems can soot cause?

Answer 37

- can clog up pipes that carry away waste gases in appliances - can cause lung diseases when it builds up in lungs - makes buildings dirty

Question 38

What is acid rain?

Answer 38

Rainwater that has a pH lower than 5.2