C15 Lipids & Lipoproteins

Question 1

General function of lipoproteins?

Answer 1

provide the transportation system for different types of water insoluble fats

Question 2

What is the #1 cause of premature death in the US?

Answer 2

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 3

What causes inflammation of the coronary edothelial cells?

Answer 3

smoking, hypertension, infection, or other agents that attract monocytes & platelets

Question 4

What are lipoproteins?

Answer 4

group of related, but different molecules that interact w/ water insoluble fat molecules, & transports those fats in the plasma

Question 5

4 types of lipoproteins?

Answer 5

chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), & high density lipoproteins (HDL)

Question 6

Transport of dietary triglycerides from GI tract to the liver?

Answer 6

Chylomicrons

Question 7

Tranports triglycerides from liver to tissues for storage and energy?

Answer 7

Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)

Question 8

Transports cholesterol to peripheral tissues?

Answer 8

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

Question 9

Transports cholesterol away from peripheral tissues and to the liver?

Answer 9

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

Question 10

Lipids include:

Answer 10

cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, & glycolipids

Question 11

No double bonds between carbons (C-C), solid at room temp, & animal sources?

Answer 11

Saturated fatty acids, they are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms

Question 12

double bonds between carbon bonds (C=C), usually lipid at room temp, plant sources

Answer 12

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 13

artificial modifications of unsaturated fats, common food additive, not needed & not good for humans

Answer 13

trans fats

Question 14

Triglycerides have glycerol with how many fatty acids attached?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

exogenous source?

Answer 15

dietary

Question 16

endogenous source?

Answer 16

liver and tissue storage

Question 17

what percent of the body fat is triglycerides?

Answer 17

95%

Question 18

what is the energy source when plasma glucose is decreased?

Answer 18

triglycerides

Question 19

Tryglyceride metabolism is regulated by:

Answer 19

lipase, epinephrine, & cortisol

Question 20

Where is cholesterol found?

Answer 20

animals

Question 21

Cholesterol is an important component of?

Answer 21

membranes, steroid hormones, bile & Vitamin D

Question 22

What percentage of cholesterol is associated with cellular components?

Answer 22

70%

Question 23

What percentage of cholesterol is in the plasma?

Answer 23

30%

Question 24

What transports cholesterol?

Answer 24

HDL & LDL

Question 25

Phospholipids

Answer 25

imortant components of cell membranes, (lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio) used to determine fetal lung maturity from amniotic fluid

Question 26

glycolipids

Answer 26

lipids with carbohydrate (ABO antigens...)

Question 27

apoliproproteins

Answer 27

outer protein shell of the lipoprotein molecule, allows insoluble lipid to become soluble in plasma, interacts with cell membranes & enzyme to transport lipids to specific locations

Question 28

chylomicrons & VLDL move?

Answer 28

triglycerides

Question 29

LDL & HDL move?

Answer 29

cholesterol

Question 30

Cholymicrons are removed from the plasma within how many hourse from the liver?

Answer 30

6

Question 31

LDL is synthesized in the?

Answer 31

liver

Question 32

Which cholesterol is bad?

Answer 32

LDL

Question 33

HDL is synthesized in the?

Answer 33

liver & intestines

Question 34

Which cholesterol is good?

Answer 34

HDL

Question 35

What pathway transports dietary lipids, mostly the chylomicrons transportation of triglycerides to the liver?

Answer 35

exogenous pathway

Question 36

What pathway is the transportation of lipids from the liver to the tissues?

Answer 36

endogenous pathway (VLDL & LDL)

Question 37

insulin always decreases?

Answer 37

plasma glucose

Question 38

insulin inactivates?

Answer 38

lipase

Question 39

insulin stimulates?

Answer 39

lipogenesis

Question 40

insulin helps make?

Answer 40

fat

Question 41

What is the specimen collection method for lipid testing?

Answer 41

serum, from a 10-12 hr fasting specimen... failure causes falsely increased levels from recent dietary intake

Question 42

free glycerol is proportional to the initial?

Answer 42

triglyceride concentration