Exam 1

Question 1

Primary Standard

Answer 1

highly purified solution of known concentration, used to calibrate instrument, in order to measure other solutions of unknown concentration

Question 2

Secondary Standard

Answer 2

less pure substance whose concentration was determined by comparison to a Primary Standard

Question 3

Control Solution

Answer 3

used to monitor QC, has known acceptable ranges

Question 4

Standard Solution

Answer 4

highly purified solution, not plasma based, have set listed values established by manufacturer, used to callibrate

Question 5

Water purification techniques:

Answer 5

distillation, reverse osmosis, filtration, deionization

Question 6

Reagent grades of water: Type 1

Answer 6

purest-required for sensitive tests

Question 7

Reagent grades of water: Type 2

Answer 7

Acceptable for most uses

Question 8

Reagent grades of water: Type 3

Answer 8

OK for washing glassware

Question 9

Solute

Answer 9

substance being dissolved into a liquid

Question 10

Solvent

Answer 10

the liquid the substance is being dissolved into

Question 11

Molarity

Answer 11

Moles/Liter

Question 12

Molality

Answer 12

Moles/1000 grams solvent

Question 13

Normality

Answer 13

Equivalents weights/ Liter

Question 14

Valence

Answer 14

the electrical charge of an ion, or the number of moles that react with 1 mole of H+

Question 15

Colligative Properties

Answer 15

properties of solutions that are based only on the numbers of particles that are dissolved in the solvent
(freezing point, boiling point, vapor pressure, & osmotic pressure)

Question 16

Vapor Pressure

Answer 16

At any given temp, for a particular substance, there is a pressure at which the vapor of that substance is in equilibrium with its liquid, a substance with a high vapor pressure is said to be volatile

Question 17

Conductivity

Answer 17

measure of electrical current

Question 18

Resistance

Answer 18

measure of resistance to current

Question 19

pH

Answer 19

p= “negative log” of a concentration of a substance in a solution, pH= -log(H+)

Question 20

Buffer

Answer 20

resist change in acidity, usually weak acids (or bases) & their salts

Question 21

To Contain (TC)

Answer 21

blow out

Question 22

To Deliver (TD)

Answer 22

let drain

Question 23

Volumetric flasks

Answer 23

the line indicates the level that contains an exact volume

Question 24

Erlenmeyer flasks

Answer 24

hold variable volumes

Question 25

Graduated cylinders

Answer 25

hold variable volumes

Question 26

Dilution

Answer 26

the reciprocal of the original volume to the final volume

Question 27

Accuracy

Answer 27

observations that are close to the "true" or "correct" value

Question 28

Precision

Answer 28

observations that are reproducible or repeatable

Question 29

Standard Deviation (SD)

Answer 29

measures dispersion

Question 30

Factors affecting reference ranges:

Answer 30

age, sex, diet, medications, physical activity, pregnancy, personal habits, geographic location, body weight, lab instruments, lab reagents

Question 31

Coefficient of Variation (CV)

Answer 31

SD as a % of the mean, compares different data groups

Question 32

Z-score

Answer 32

converts observations into its distance from the mean in SDs

Question 33

Levy-Jennings Chart

Answer 33

graph of QC data in terms of SDs from the mean

Question 34

RACE

Answer 34

Rescue-remove patients from immediate harm Alarm- pull fire alarm Contain- close doors and windows Extinguish- ...fire

Question 35

Class A

Answer 35

paper, wood, plastic, fabrics

Question 36

Class B

Answer 36

Flammable liquids, gasses

Question 37

Class C

Answer 37

Electical

Question 38

Class D

Answer 38

Combustible metals

Question 39

Spectrophotometry

Answer 39

scattered light

Question 40

Nephelometry

Answer 40

measures scattered light at a 90 degree angle

Question 41

Turbidimetry

Answer 41

measures transmitted light at a 180 degree angle

Question 42

Fluorometry

Answer 42

90 degree angle, emitted light at a longer wavelength than initial wavelength

Question 43

Highest absorbance concentration?

Answer 43

2

Question 44

Atomic absorption

Answer 44

ground level energy, metal atoms absorb light, cannot be molecule because then it would fry

Question 45

Anodes

Answer 45

positive

Question 46

Anions

Answer 46

negative

Question 47

Cations

Answer 47

positive

Question 48

Cathode

Answer 48

negative

Question 49

Anodes attract?

Answer 49

Anion

Question 50

Cathodes attract?

Answer 50

Cations

Question 51

Factors that affect migration rates & molecules:

Answer 51

molecular weight, molecular shape, molecular electrical charge in the buffer (buffer pH), supporting media, temp, electrical voltage, migration time

Question 52

Electrophoresis

Answer 52

charged molecules migrate through an electrical field

Question 53

Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE)

Answer 53

electrolytes alter electrical potential in an electrochemical cell

Question 54

Osmometers

Answer 54

measure total dissolved molecules & atoms by freezing point depression or vapor pressure

Question 55

Oximetry

Answer 55

variation of spectrophotometry, commonly performed during Blood Gas analysis to measure different forms of hemoglobin

Question 56

Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)

Answer 56

electrophoresis of antigens is followed by the addition of various antibodies to a parallel trough along the separated proteins

Question 57

Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE)

Answer 57

Antibody is poured over a completed electrophoresis procedure (performed on an agar surface) to produce visible precipitation lines, commonly used to measure immunoglobulin classes, as well as free kappa and lambda chains

Question 58

Rocket (Laurell Technique)

Answer 58

Antigen (proteins) undergo electrophoresis in a supporting agarose gel with specific antibody previously mixed into the gel, the length of these "rockets" is proportional to the concentration of antigen

Question 59

Competitive Immunoassays

Answer 59

competition between tagged and untagged antigen for limited antibody

Question 60

ELISA

Answer 60

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, will have the antibody or antigen attached to a solid surface

Question 61

EMIT

Answer 61

technique that utilizes steric hindrance of the enzyme tag

Question 62

Fluorescence Polarization

Answer 62

utilizes the ability of antibody-antigen complexes to absorb & transmit polarized light