C15: Notes Flashcards
(183 cards)
the displacement of a bone that is no longer in contact with its normal articulation
dislocation
a serious injury or shock to the body, often requiring modifications that may include variations in positioning, minimal movement of the body part, and so on
trauma
as with fractures, dislocations should be imaged
in two planes, 90 degrees to each other to demonstrate the degree of displacement
a traumatic partial dislocation of the radial head of a child
nursemaid elbow (or jerked elbow)
what causes a nursemaid elbow?
a hard pull on the hand and wrist of a child by an adult
a forced wrenching or twisting of a joint resulting in a partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments, without dislocation
sprain
what may result from a sprain?
severe damage to associated blood vessels, tendons, ligaments, and/or nerves
what frequently accompanies a severe sprain?
severe swelling and discoloration caused by hemorrhage of ruptured blood vessels
a bruise type of injury with a possible avulsion fracture
contusion
a disruption of bone caused by mechanical forces applied either directly to the bone or transmitted along the shaft of the bone
fracture (fx)
a fracture is aligned if
the long axes of the bone remain parallel to each other
apposition describes
how the fragmented ends of the bone make contact with each other
how many types of apposition are there?
three
what are the three types of apposition?
anatomic apposition, lack of apposition (distraction), Bayonet apposition
anatomic alignment of ends of fractured bone fragments, wherin the ends of the fragments make end-to-end contact
anatomic apposition
partial dislocation
subluxation
the ends of fragments are aligned but pulled apart and are not making contact with each other
lack of apposition (distraction)
the fracture fragments overlap and the shafts make contact, but not at the fracture ends
Bayonet apposition
loss of alignment of the fracture
angulation
the direction of the angulation is termed what
apex
the apex is opposite in relation to
the distal part of the fracture fragments
the direction or angle of the apex of the fracture, such as a medial or lateral apex, wherein the point or apex of the fracture points medially or laterally
apex angulation
the distal fragment ends are angled toward the midline of the body and the apex is pointed away from the midline
varus deformity
the distal fragment ends are angled away from the midline and the apex is pointed toward the midline
valgus deformity