C2 Atoms, elements and compounds

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

A substance made of singular type of atom

Question 2

Atom
(def + structure)

Answer 2

smallest unique particle
Has + charged nucleus (neutron and proton) in middle and - charged electrons orbiting around (in shells)

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

2 or more different atoms which are chemically bond
(pure substances)

Question 4

Mixture

Answer 4

2 or more atoms/compounds which aren’t chemically bond

Question 5

G8 elements

Answer 5

Noble gases, only single atoms, full outershell = non-reactive

Question 6

G7 elements

Answer 6

Hallogens, diatomic

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

Number of protons

Question 8

Atomic mass no.

Answer 8

Nucleon number = number of protons and neutrons

Question 9

Mass and charge of Proton, neutron and electron

Answer 9

proton : 1, +1
neutron: 1, 0
electron: 1/2000, -1

Question 10

Giant metallic structure

Answer 10

A structure made of positive metal ions/nuclei arranged in a regular lattice, surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.

Question 11

Metal physical property

Answer 11

High density and Mp & Bp + strong metallic bond

Question 12

Non - metal physical property

Answer 12

Low density and Mp & BP

Question 13

Metal chemical property

Answer 13

Solid at room temp, malleable, shiny, good conductivity (electric + heat)

Question 14

Conductive (metal)

Answer 14

they can conduct heat/electricity as they have free electrons to carry charge

Question 15

Malleable (metal)

Answer 15

Hammered or bent into shape without breaking
Layers can move/slide over each other

Question 16

Ductile

Answer 16

Can be stretched into a wire without breaking.

Question 17

Non metal property

Answer 17

Not malleable, brittle, dull, poor conductivity

Question 18

Group

Answer 18

number of outer shell electrons

Question 19

Period

Answer 19

Number of shells

Question 20

Molecule

Answer 20

Small groups of atoms (atoms of same elements joined together)

Question 21

Balancing chemical equations

Answer 21

Make the number of every element same in each
e.g. Magnesium + Oxygen –> Magnesium oxide
2Mg + O2 –> 2MgO

Question 22

Isotpe

Answer 22

different atoms of same elements that have a different number of neutrons
- same chemical properties because same electronic configuration

Question 23

Electronic configuration

Answer 23

number of electrons in each shell
1st shell = 2 e-
2nd shell = 9e-
3rd shell = 8e-

Question 24

Ion

Answer 24

Charged particles

Question 25

Cation/anion

Answer 25

Positively/negatively charged ions

Question 26

Full outer shell stability

Answer 26

Most stable

Question 27

Metallic bonding

Answer 27

Electrostatic force of attraction between positive nuclei (of metal) and negative delocalized/free electrons

Question 28

Ionic bonding

Answer 28

Electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions ( +metal ion & -nonmetal ion (from M --> Nm)

Question 29

Covalent bonding

Answer 29

Shared pair of electrons between 2 non-metals - atoms share no. of electrons they want

Question 30

Ionic bonding lattice structure

Answer 30

Giant ionic lattice - regular arragnement of alternating cat and anions - lattice neutral charge - ions evenly distributed/arranged in lattice - high mp & bp: huge no. of bonds - soluble in water: cation attracted to O, anion attracted to H - good electrical conductivity when aq/molten: ions become free to move (current = movement of charged particles)

Question 31

covalent bonding lattice structure

Answer 31

Simple covalent molecules + giant voalent lattice (macromolecule) simple: diatomic/polyatomic) individual molecules giant: diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide - strong bond, weak intermolecular force = low mp & bp

Question 32

Metallic bonding lattice structure

Answer 32

- huge number - giant lattice

Question 33

Alloys

Answer 33

Metal compound made by combing 2 or more metal together

Question 34

Lattice

Answer 34

repeating regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules

Question 35

Graphite

Answer 35

Giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms (each 3 cov bond with 3 other) - free to move + carry charge (one delocalized e per atom) - layers not bonded - used for: lubricating (layers slide) and conductor

Question 36

Diamond

Answer 36

Giant covalent structure made of carbon atoms (4 cov bond with 4 other) - so hard - used for: cutting tools

Question 37

Alloys harder why

Answer 37

ions of different size = disrupts regular arrangement = not slide easily

Question 38

Silicon(IV) Dioxide

Answer 38

Each silicon atom bonded to 4 O atom each O atom to 2 silicon (strong cov bond) - very hard - very high mp & bp - insoluble in water - not conduct electricity