C3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the three states of matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
How do particles act in a solid
Closely packed together and vibrate around fixed positions
How do particles act in a liquid
Still close together but can slip and slode over each other in random motion.
How do particles act in a gas?
On average lots of space between them and particles move around randomly
What type of reaction are meltig and boiling
Endothermic - because energy is transferred from the surroundings
What type of reaction are freezing and condensing
Exothermic - Because energy is transferred from the substance to the surroundings
What are some limitations of the particle model?
-Assumes particles are solid spheres atoms are not solid
-real particles are made from atoms molecules or ions which vary in size.
-There are no forces operating between the particles
Why does temperature stop increasing when a substance is changing state
Because the energy being used to heat the object is transferred to seperate the particles from their bonds
What happens when two elements react together
They form a compound by gaining or losing electrons
What is a covalent bond?
When two atoms bind and share the electrons on their outer shells to complete both of their outer shells. Between Non metals
What is an ionic bond
When two atoms transfer electrons between them. One atom will lose an electron/s and the other will gain the electron/s to complete their outer shells. When non metals react with metals
What occurs When Alkalis react with Halogens
Alkali atoms lose an electron and have a full outer shell like a noble gas and a halogen atom gains an electron to achieve a full outer shell like a noble gas
When atoms form ionic bonds what groups have positive charges
Groups 1-3
When atoms form ionic bonds what groups have negative charges?
Groups 5-7
What groups do not form ions
4 and 0
How are ionic compounds held together
By strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions. This is called ionic bonding
Why do Giant ionic structures have high melting and boiling points
lots of energy is required to break the electrostatic forces of attraction
Why can Giant ionic structures only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water?
Solid ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity because the ions are fixed in place. The ions become free to flow when the structure is molten or dissolved in water.
What elements form covalent bonds
Non metals and non metals
Simple molecule
Can Graphite conduct electricity
Yes because of the delocalised electrons that can move along its layers
Can Grphite conduct thermal energy
Yes because of the delocalised electrons that can along its layers
What is a function of fullerenes
Can be used as a transport mechanism for drugs
What is graphene
A layer of graphite that is one atom thick
