c3

Question 1

are prokaryotic organisms with simpler structures compared with eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

comprise major surface antigens of gram-positive organisms and can elicit antibody response.

Answer 2

Teichoic acids

Question 2

• a bilayered structure where the inner leaflet is composed of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It has special protein channels, called porins, that allow the passage of small or low-molecular-weight hydrophilic substances such as sugars and amino acids.

Answer 2

Outer membrane

Question 2

is sometimes called the murein sacculus. Its principal component is peptidoglycan, which is also called murein or mucopeptide.

Answer 2

cell wall (bacteria)

Question 2

This is the outermost covering of some bacteria. It is a gelatinous substance that is located external to the cell wall, composed of polysaccharide or polypeptide, or both. It is called capsule if it is strongly attached to the cell wall and slime layer if it is loosely attached.

Answer 2

Glycocalyx

Question 3

functions to anchor the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan layer and stabilizes the outer membrane.

Answer 3

Lipoprotein

Question 4

a fluid-filled space between the outer membrane and the inner plasma membrane. It contains enzymes for the breakdown of large non-transportable molecules into transportable ones and enzymes that serve to detoxify and inactivate antibiotics.

Answer 4

Periplasmic space

Question 5

These are thread-like structures made up entirely of molecules of the protein sub-unit, flagellin. They project from the capsule and are organs for motility

Answer 5

flagella

Question 6

single polar flagellum

Answer 6

monotrichous

Question 7

a tuft of flagella at one end of the bacterium);

Answer 7

lophotrichous

Question 8

flagella at both ends of the bacterium

Answer 8

amphitrichous

Question 9

flagella all around the bacterium

Answer 9

peritrichous

Question 10

These are rigid surface appendages found on many gram-negative bacteria. They are fine and short in comparison with flagella. Their structural protein subunits are called pilins.

Answer 10

pili or fimbriae

Question 11

are also called endoflagella and are found in spirochetes (es, Treponema pallium causing syphilis)

Answer 11

axial filaments

Question 12

Also called cell membrane or plasma membrane, the cytoplasmic membrane is located beneath the cell wall.

Answer 12

cytoplasmic membrane (cell sac)

Question 13

is an invagination of the cell wall and functions for cell division. It is also involved in the secretion of substances produced by bacteria.

Answer 13

mesosome

Question 15

are structures produced by in a hostile environment. It is composed of dipicolinate), which confer resistance to hea making it very difficult to destroy

Answer 15

endospores

Question 15

function for protein synthesis.

Answer 15

ribosome

Question 16

The process of spore production is called

Answer 16

sporulation

Question 17

When environmental conditions become favorable, the endospores revert to their vegetative state through a process called

Answer 17

germination