C9

Question 1

a substance recognized by the immune system, whether by the B cell or the T cell, that serves as the target of the immune response but may not necessarily lead to an immune response.

Answer 1

Antigen

Question 2

the structure in the antigen that is recognized by the B cell or the T cell.

Answer 2

Epitope

Question 3

a substance that is of low molecular weight that can only induce an immune response if bound to another substance that is already immunogenic (carrier molecule).

Answer 3

Hapten

Question 4

any substance capable of inducing an immune response, whether humoral or cell-mediated or both.

Answer 4

Immunogen

Question 5

the study of the immune system and the immune response.

Answer 5

Immunology

Question 6

is composed of molecular and cellular components that are derived from the central (primary) and peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs.

Answer 6

Immune system

Question 7

are the primary sites for differentiation and maturation of the important cells that play an important role in adaptive immunity, which are the T lymphocytes (or T cells) and the B lymphocytes (or B cells)

Answer 7

Central lymphoid organs

Question 8

consist of the lymph nodes, spleen, and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), which include the tonsils, adenoids, Peyer’s patches in the ileum, and the appendix.

Answer 8

Peripheral lymphoid organs

Question 9

play a major role in acute inflammation as well as in bacterial infections.

Answer 9

Neutrophils

Question 10

are the predominant inflammatory cells in viral infections

Answer 10

Lymphocytes

Question 11

possess eosinophilic granules that play a role in type I hypersensitivity reaction or allergy.

Answer 11

Eiosinophils

Question 12

eosinophils also secrete a substance called

Answer 12

Major basic protein

Question 13

are membrane-bound cell fragments that are derived from large cells called megakaryocytes.

Answer 13

Platelets

Question 14

is also known as natural immunity. This immunity is already active from the time of birth, prior to exposure to an antigen.

Answer 14

Innate Community

Question 15

it is activated after exposure to a particular antigen, It involves production of antibodies by the B cells and activation of the cytotoxic T cells.

Answer 15

Adaptive community

Question 16

a monomer and the predominant antibody in the secondary immune response (anamnestic response) and is a major defense against bacteria and viruses.

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

the largest among the immunoglobulins and is a pentamer. It has a J chain joining chain) that holds the IgM pentamer together. It is the main immunoglobulin produced early in the primary response and is the predominant antibody in acute infections

Answer 17

IgM

Question 18

called the secretory immunoglobulin and is the main immunoglobulin in secretions such as colostrum, saliva, and tears, as well as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract secretions.

Answer 18

IgA

Question 19

a monomer that has no known antibody function. It is found on the surface of many B cells and serves as the surface marker for B cells but may also function as an antigen receptor. It is present in small amounts in serum (approximately 1%).

Answer 19

IgD

Question 20

also called the reaginic antibody. It is medically important for two reasons: (a) it mediates immediate or anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction, and (b) it provides defense against parasites such as helminths or worms.

Answer 20

IgE

Question 21

involves the administration of purified antibody in preparations called immune globulins or antibody-containing serum. It is given for rapid, temporary protection (usually 3-4 months) or treatment of a person (e.g., in the treatment of rabies).

Answer 21

Passive Immunization

Question 22

involves the injection of vaccines prepared from organisms or their products.

Answer 22

Active immunizatiin

Question 23

in general refer to vaccines derived from bacterial sources

Answer 23

Killed vaccines

Question 24

are derived from viruses.

Answer 24

Inactivated vaccine