C4 Physical Development

Question 1

it has biological basis

Answer 1

Physical Development

Question 2

Human development started from the union of two________________________________

Answer 2

kinds of sex cells or gametes, the make gamete(sperm cell) and the female gamete(egg cell or ovum)

Question 3

is formed by the union of the sperm cell and the egg cell

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

composed of long thread-like molecules known as________ which twist around to form a spiral or double helix

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)

Question 5

the interplay of multiple genes called

Answer 5

polygenetic traits

Question 6

some genes are not always expressed because the genes may be masked by those of the other parent. The genes that are masked in expressing traits are called_______

Answer 6

recessive

Question 7

the genes that prevent the expression of the recessive gene are called the ________

Answer 7

dominant genes

Question 8

are diseases or conditions that are caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes.

Answer 8

genetic disorders

Question 9

examples of genetic disorders

Answer 9

congenital diabetes(r)
muscular dystrophy(r)
sickle-cell anemia(r)
hemophilia(r)
Huntington’s disease(r)

Question 10

known as trisomy 21 and the most common genetic abnormality during prenatal development which is caused by an extra chromosome on the 21st pair(there are three chromosomes instead of the usual two). typical features of it include flattened facial features, heart defects, and mental retardation.

Answer 10

Down Syndrome

Question 11

a number of illnesses can be inherited if one both parents carry a gene for the disease. i.e sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and tay-sachs disease

Answer 11

inherited diseases

Question 12

genetic problems in sex chromosomes include conditions such as Klinefelter’s syndrome(extra x) and turners syndrome(single x)

Answer 12

sex-chromosomal abnormalities

Question 13

is a genetic condition that results when a boy is born with extra copy of the X chromosome. it also knows as 47, XXY for total of 47 chromosomes rather than the normal 46 found in typical humans. While females have an XX chromosomal makeup and males an XY, individuals with Klinefelter syndrome have at least two X chromosomes and at least one Y chromosome.

Answer 13

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 14

a chromosomal condition that affects development in females. Normally, females inherit one X chromosome from their mother and one X chromosome from their father. But females who have this are missing one of their X chromosomes. The genes affected are involved in growth and sexual development, that is why girls with the disorder have a shorter stature and have abnormal sexual characteristics.

Answer 14

Turner Syndrome

Question 15

Using________________, we can distinguish the 23 pair of chromosomes in each human cell from one another.

Answer 15

special microscopic

Question 16

The 23rd pair consists of ___________-

Answer 16

sex chromosomes

Question 17

occur when a single egg fertilized by a single sperm, splits into two identical halves. Two separate babies with identical DNA are formed. They are always the same sex and blood type. They almost always share the same placenta, but may also have two separate placentas. Depending on when the egg splits usually determines if identical twins share the same placenta and/or chorions and amnions. Are always identical when they share same amnion(sac) and chorion.

Answer 17

Identical Twins or Monozygotic

Question 18

another term for identical twins

Answer 18

Monozygotic

Question 19

Twins are always identical when they share same _____________

Answer 19

amnion(sac) and chorion)

Question 20

occur when two separate eggs and fertilized by two separate sperm. Two separate babies with no more in common than siblings born with no more in common than siblings born at different times are formed. They can be the same sex and/or blood type. They always have separate placentas, but their placentas may fuse together during the course of pregnancy and appear as one at birth. They will never share the same amnion and chorion. they may be due to hereditary influences.

Answer 20

Fraternal Twins

Question 21

the process of prenatal development occurs in ___________

Answer 21

three main stages

Question 22

process of prenatal development

the first two weeks after conception is known as the __________________

Answer 22

germinal stage

Question 23

process of prenatal development

the third through the eighth week is the _____________

Answer 23

Embryonic Period

Question 24

process of prenatal development

the time from the ninth week until birth is called the _________________

Answer 24

Fetal period

Question 25

begins with conception when the sperm and egg cell unite in one of the two fallopian tubes. the fertilized egg, known as zygote, then moves toward the uterus, a journey that can take up to a week to complete. Cell division begins approximately 24 to 36 hours after conception

Answer 25

Germinal Stage

Question 26

Fertilized egg

Answer 26

zygote

Question 27

cell division begins approximately ______________________

Answer 27

24 to 36 hours after conception

Question 28

As the cells multiply, they will also separate into two distinctive masses: the outer cells will eventually become the ___________ while the inner cells form into the embryo.

Answer 28

Placenta

Question 29

As the cells multiply, they will also separate into two distinctive masses: the outer cells will eventually become the placenta while the inner cells form into the ______________-.

Answer 29

embryo

Question 30

Cell division continues at a rapid rate and the cells then develop into what is known ________________.

Answer 30

blastocyst

Question 31

The blastocyst is differentiated into three layers:

Answer 31

endoderm mesoderm ectoderm

Question 32

is the inner layer(which will become the digestive and respiratory systems)

Answer 32

endoderm

Question 33

middle layer(which will the muscular and skeletal systems)

Answer 33

mesoderm

Question 34

the outer layer(which will become the skin and nervous system)

Answer 34

ectoderm

Question 35

____________happens when the blastocyst arrives at the uterus and attached to the uterine wall. It occurs when the cells nestle into the uterine lining and rupture tiny blood vessels.

Answer 35

Implantation

Question 36

The mass of cells is now as an embryo. the beginning of the third week after conception marks the start of the embryonic period, a time when the mass of cells becomes a distinct human being. The embryo begins to divide into three layers each of which will become an important body system. Approximately 22 days after conception, the neutral tube forms. This tube will later develop into the central nervous system including the spinal cord and brain

Answer 36

The Embryonic Stage

Question 37

his tube will later develop into the central nervous system including the spinal cord and brain

Answer 37

the neutral tube

Question 38

Once cell differentiation is mostly complete, the embryo enter the next stage and becomes known as a fetus. This period of development begins during the ninth week and lasts until birth. The early body systems and structures established in the embryonic stage continue to develop. The NEURAL TUBE develops into the brain and spinal cord and neurons form. Sex organs begin to appear during the third month of gestation. The fetus continues to grow in both weight and length, although the majority of the physical growth occurs in the later stages of pregnancy

Answer 38

The Fetal Stage

Question 39

Sex organs begin to appear during the _____________ of gestation

Answer 39

third month

Question 39

The ___________ develops into the brain and spinal cord and neurons form.

Answer 39

NEURAL TUBE

Question 40

this stage of prenatal development last the longest and is marked by amazing change and growth.

Answer 40

The Fetal Stage

Question 41

as early as prenatal period, environment plays a very important role in the growth and development of the fetus. The mother's condition is a factor for the development of the fetus inside her womb. The health condition of the mother, therefore, is part of the immediate environment of the growing fetus. Any environmental hazards, maternal disease and conditions and drugs that affect the mother can cause abnormal development of the fetus. These substances or disease that can cause birth defect is called ___________.

Answer 41

Teratogen

Question 42

The use of __________ by the mother can have devastating consequences to the fetus.

Answer 42

substances

Question 43

___________ is linked to low birth weight, which can result in a weekend immune system, poor respiration, and numerological impairment

Answer 43

Smoking

Question 44

________ use can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, which is linked to heart defects, body malformations, and mental retardation.

Answer 44

Alcohol

Question 45

The use of ___________________ such as cocaine and methamphetamine is also liked to low birth weight and neurological impairment

Answer 45

Illicit psychoactive drugs

Question 46

is one of the most common maternal diseases and can be transmitted in the fetus, leading to deafness, brain swelling, or mental retardation. Women with this are often encouraged to deliver via cesarean to avoid transmission of the virus

Answer 46

Herpes virus

Question 47

is a process of giving birth without routine medical interventions, particularly anesthesia. This is a natural, unmedicated approach to labor and birth. In addition, the expectant mother remains in control of the body throughout labor.

Answer 47

Natural childbirth

Question 48

is a method of childbirth in which the expectant mother is prepared psychologically and physically to give birth without the use of pain-relieving frugs. Physical exercises are given to the expectant mother together with her husband to prepare for the coming birth.

Answer 48

The Lamaze Method

Question 49

In Lamaze method, ___________________ are given to the expectant mother together with her husband to prepare for the coming birth.

Answer 49

Physical exercises

Question 50

is childbirth that occurs in a tub of warm water. Proponents believe water birth results in a more relaxed and less painful experience of giving birth

Answer 50

water birth

Question 51

is a process where the buttocks appear first, followed by the legs and finally the head

Answer 51

Breech Birth

Question 52

is a method of birth where the fetus is positioned crosswise in the mother's uterus. Instruments must be used for delivery unless the position can be changed before the birth process begins

Answer 52

Transverse Birth

Question 53

is the most common and safest type of childbirth. When necessary in certain circumstances, forceps(instruments resembling large spoons) may be used to cup your baby's head and help guide the baby through the birth canal

Answer 53

natural childbirth or vaginal delivery

Question 54

is another way to assist delivery and is similar to forceps delivery. A plastic cup is applied to the baby's head by suction and the health care provider gently pulls the baby from the birth canal.

Answer 54

Vacuum Delivery

Question 55

may be necessary for the safety of expectant mother and the baby.

Answer 55

Caesarean Delivery(C-section)

Question 56

C-section is necessary if one of these complications is present:

Answer 56

when the baby is not in the head-down position when the baby is too large to pass through the pelvis when the baby is in distress

Question 57

begins with birth and ends when the infant is approximately two weeks old. It is considered the shortest of all developmental periods and at the same time, a hazardous period. It is physically hazardous because of difficulties of making necessary radical adjustments to the totally new and different environment.

Answer 57

Infancy

Question 58

When the baby is born there are unlearned or innate responses. These automatic responses to stimuli in the environment are called _________

Answer 58

reflexes or neonatal reflexes

Question 59

the infant is called a _______ in the days immediately following birth until about two weeks. During this period, neonates immediately begin to use their abilities to adapt to their environment

Answer 59

Neonate

Question 60

Some of the abilities of Neonate are the ff:

Answer 60

sight hearing smell taste

Question 61

is the very first test given to the newborn, ours in the delivery room right after the baby's birth. The test was designed to quickly evaluate a newborn's physical condition and to determine any immediate need for extra medical or emergency care.

Answer 61

The APGAR score

Question 62

The APGAR test is usually given to a baby twice:

Answer 62

once at 1 minute after birth and again at 5 minutes after birth. * sometimes, if there are concern about the baby' condition of the score at 5 mins is low, the test may be scored for a third time at 10 minutes after birth

Question 63

Acronyms of APGAR stands for

Answer 63

Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration

Question 64

The _____________ play a very important role in the gross and fine motor development

Answer 64

Genes and environment

Question 65

involves skills that require the coordination of the large muscle groups of the body, such as the arms, legs and truck. Ex. of this skills include sitting, walking, walking, rolling standing and much more.

Answer 65

Gross Motor Development

Question 66

is concerned with coordination of the smaller muscles of the body, including the hands and face. Ex. of this skills include holding a pencil to write, buttoning a shirt, and turning pages of a book

Answer 66

Fine Motor Development

Question 67

children develop form head to toe direction. Initially, the head is disproportionately larger than the other parts of the infant's body. This states that muscular control develops from the head downward.

Answer 67

Cephalocaudal Law

Question 68

Children develop their motor skills from the center of their bodies outward near to far. The principles asserts that the head and trunk develop first before the arms and legs, and the arms and legs before the fingers and toes.

Answer 68

Proximodistal Law

Question 69

the infant's abdomen touches the floor and the weight of the head and the shoulders rest on the elbows. Most babies can do this after age 7 moths

Answer 69

Crawling

Question 70

it is more advanced than crawling wherein movements is on hands and knees and the trunk does not touch the ground. Most babies do this after age 9 months

Answer 70

Creeping

Question 71

refer to the strength and the dexterity(how well the baby can handle small objects) in their hands. Both depend on how they use small muscles of our hands. However, we also need the muscles in our forearm to provide strength and stability

Answer 71

Hand Skills

Question 72

refer to the strength in our legs. Babies learn to hop and jump form an elevated place. They learn to climb stairs. At first, by creeping and after they can walk alone, they can go up and down stairs in upright position

Answer 72

Leg Skills

Question 73

Two Principles of Physical/Motor Development

Answer 73

Cephalocaudal Law Proximodistal Law

Question 74

Two locomotion

Answer 74

Crawling Creeping

Question 75

Babyhood Skills

Answer 75

Hand Skills Leg Skills

Question 76

Baby Body Changes

Answer 76

Height Weight Bones Teeth Muscles and Fat

Question 77

Early Childhood is still a time of tremendous physical changes. During this period, children's bodies change proportions and they start to look more like adults than babies. Arms and legs stretch to catch up and balance out the head and trunk. Children also begin to lose their "______________" as they develop sleeker, straighter bodies with the strong muscles necessary for work and play.

Answer 77

Baby fats

Question 78

are necessary to engage in smaller, more precise movements, normally using the hands and fingers. it requires less precision to perfom

Answer 78

Fine motor skills

Question 79

Children normally master toilet training task in a specific development order. Typically children:

Answer 79

1st: learn to notice the warning signals and react in time to master daytime defecation and then nighttime defecation 2nd: children typically learn how to react to their bodies signals for daytime urination 3rd: Nighttime urination is the hardest for young children to control and his step may take longer than the others to achieve.