Language Development And Language Disorders In Children Flashcards by Nova Theresa Tungolh

Q

is human ability to communicate

A

Language

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Q

the scientific study of language is called __________

A

linguistic

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Q

evolved from earlier pre-linguistic systems among our pre-human ancestors

A

continuity-based theories

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appeared suddenly in the transition from pre-hominids to early man

A

Discontinuity-based theories

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Q

two origin theories related to language

A

continuity -based and discontinuity-based theories

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Q

Basic Principles of Language Development

Language is a ____________

A

social phenomenon

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Q

Basic Principles of Language Development

Children acquire language without ___________________ and within _____________

A

direct instruction; short span of time

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Q

Basic Principles of Language Development

All language use _______________ with socially constructed rules for combining _________ into words, for making meaning with words, and for ______________ into sentences

A

symbol systems; sounds; arranging words

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Q

Basic Principles of Language Development

Just because language is so complex, children _____________________

A

cannot learn the system all at once

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Q

Basic Principles of Language Development

Language is ______________

A

linked into identity

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Q

Basic Principles of Language Development

Language abilities grow by _________________

A

using language in meaningful contexts

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Q

Language development Pyramid

A

Looking and listening
Play
Understanding
Talking
Pronounciation

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Q

Developmental Stages

Can recognize familiar and unfamiliar voice
can use meaningless sounds to convey urgent needs

A

0-3 months

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Q

Developmental Stages

can recognize commands with strong emphasis
starts practicing with sound production

A

4-6 months

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Q

Developmental Stages

begins to recognize simple vocabulary, particularly nouns for objects they can see
Starts producing first words. By this time they usually know between 5 and 20 words or so.

A

7-12 months

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Q

Developmental Stages

can respond to simple questions and more detailed commands. By the end of this stage they normally know about 1000 words

A

1-3 years

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Q

Developmental Stages

by the end of this stage most children are able to understand and express themselves in most language functions about concepts they have learned.

A

3-5 years

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Q

All communication has two aspects:

A

Receptive language
Expressive Language

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Q

is the person’s ability to hear and understand language. It refers to the ability to understanding auditory or visual messages. This includes comprehension of what is said, written or signed.

A

Receptive Language

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Q

is the person’s ability to communicate with others, what a person thinks, needs and wants using language

A

Expressive Language

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Q

Theories of Language Acquisitions

A

Theory of:
Imitation
Feedback or Reinforcement
Caregiver Language
General Cognitive Development
Critical Period Hypothesis

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Q

The idea children imitated what they heard around them. This theory is based on the behaviorism of B.F skinner and Albert Bandura.

A

Theory of Imitation

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Q

Theory of Imitation is based on the _____________________________

A

behaviorism of B.F skinner and Albert Bandura.

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Q

The idea that parent correction of children’s speech errors is what causes children to produce grammatically well-formed utterances

A

Theory of Feedback or Reinforcement

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The idea that is necessary for a caregiver to a direct talk to a child in a special caregiver language or montherese.

Theory of Caregiver Language

The idea that language acquisition proceeds at a pace congruent with that of other cognitive functions.

Theory of General Cognitive Development

The idea that there is a certain time period within which the language acquisition must occur or it will not occur.

Theory of Critical Period Hypothesis

______________ argues that human brains have a language Acquisition Device(LAD)

Noam Chomsky

Noam Chomsky argues ________________________

that human brains have a Language Acquisition Device(LAD)

The basic components of language

Phonology Semantics Syntax Pragmatics Lexicon

Refers to the sounds of a language, the rules for combining them to make words, along with stress and intonation patterns

Phonology

is the meaning of words and sentences

Semantics

is the study of the rules that govern the ways in which combine to form phrases, clauses and sentences

Syntax

is the appropriate use of language in different contexts

Pragmatics

is a vocabulary; a stock terms used in a particular profession, subject or style

Lexicon

Pattern of Language Development Between 2 to 3 months Infants begins __________ and making soft, exaggerated vowel sounds to show pleasure or excitement.

cooing

Pattern of Language Development Between 3 to 4 months Babies will add more verbal sounds and start to make the consonant sounds of _________

b,k,m,g and p.

Pattern of Language Development at __ months babies will begin to put vowel sounds and consonant sounds together to form nonsense words such as "gaga" and "ahpoo" as they start to experiment with how sounds can be linked together.

4

Toddlers use ________________, which is when they use a single word with an emotional emphasis to express a complete thought, question or request.

Holophrastic Speech

Toddlers also __________ words. They may use one word to identify many different objects even though the toddlers understand the difference between the objects

overextend

During the ________________ , toddler's ability to use language becomes even more sophisticated.

last half of the second year

Toddlers begin putting 2 to 3 words together to form simple phrases, called ______________. Most often, they use noun, verbs, and some adjectives, omitting more sophisticated parts of speech such as articles, pronouns, helping verbs and preposition

Telegraphic Speech

the ability to read for knowledge write coherently and think critically about written word. It can be thought of as a set of language-based skills that allow them to comprehend a text, whether it is a newspaper or classical novel.

Literacy

In a literature culture, children learn about the characteristics and processes of reading and writing from birth, a developmental process called ___________

Emergent literacy

When learning to spell, children experiment with sounds and letters. Their unconventional patterns called _____________ and should not be regarded as errors. It increases children's fluency, makes it easier for them to compose and does not interfere with reading or conventional spelling development

Invented spelling

How to Facilitate Language Development?

1. Respond to a child with sensitivity from infancy forward 2. React positively to a child's babbling 3. Talk to a child frequently 4. Get a child's attention when you want him/her to interact with you as he/she enters toddlerhood 5. Ask a child questions and listen to him/her responses as his/her language ability to grows 6. Read and sing to a child.

is a variation of a single language spoken by members of a speech community.

dialect

children who are able to speak, read, or write some English in addition to their native language are considered ______________-

bilingual learners.

How to Nurture Children Language Develop 1. Recognize the child as an _____________________. Avoid _______________________.

individual; comparing the child's language abilities with others.

How to Nurture Children Language Develop 2. Talk to the child about __________________. This will help the child begin to develop an ________________________.

different things; awareness of how things work in this world.

How to Nurture Children Language Develop 3. Encourage the child to ______________- to share ideas to ask questions. Ask ______________ that prompt the child to ___________________ .

talk with others; questions; explore more deeply or to clarify thinking.

How to Nurture Children Language Develop 4. ________________

Listen to them

How to Nurture Children Language Develop 5. Facilitate children's search for ___________________ - similarities, opposites, cause, sequence, examples, a lot more. If the child can discover such examples in the real world, it will be easier for them to recognize those in the books and come up with written composition

relationships between ideas

How to Nurture Children Language Develop 6. ______________ to children. Occasionally ask them if they can put across the same idea using different words

Model paraphrasing

How to Nurture Children Language Develop 7. Involve the ____________ in children's vocabulary study. Find out what words the child is learning.

Whole family

Cognitive Development Stages

Sensorimotor Stage(birth to 2 years) Preoperational Stage(2 to 6 years) Concreate Operational Stage(7 to 11 years) Formal Operational Stage(12 to adulthood)

___________ in childhood means reaching developmental and emotional milestones, and learning healthy social skills and how to cope when there are problems.

Mental Health

is the ability to read for knowledge, write coherently and think critically about the written word. It can be thought of as a set of language-based skills that allow them to comprehend a text, whether it is a newspaper or a classic novel.

Literacy

_________________ in children refers to problems with either: getting their meaning or message across to others(expressive language disorder) or understanding the message coming from others(receptive language disorder).

Language Disorder

include speech disorders and language disorders

communication disorders

Causes of Language Disorder

Occur in children with other developmental problems Caused by damaged to the central nervous system, which is called aphasia rarely caused by a lack of intelligence

Symptoms of Language Disorder

Difficulty following directions Trouble rhyming at an early age Attention deficits Inconsistent performance Reading difficulty

Treatments for Language Disorder

Speech and language therapy psychological therapy

is a disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language. It causes problems with any or all of the following: speaking, listening, reading and writing.

Aphasia

Caused of Aphasia

caused by stroke any disease or damage to the parts of the brain that control

symptoms of aphasia

have trouble using words and sentences(expressive aphasia) have trouble understanding others(receptive aphasia) have trouble with both using words and understanding(global aphasia)

is a condition that hinders with a person's proficiency to talk clearly and understandably. It may be initiated by developmental delays, hearing difficulties, accidents, strokes, or defects in any of the body parts or muscles

Lisp Speech Disorder

Types of Lisp Speech Disorder

Lateral Lisp Palatal Lisp Interdental Lisp

with this disorder, the tongue place is in the identical position when making "L" sound

Lateral Lisp

what occurs here is the middle of the tongue arrives into contact with the soft palate or the soft part of the top covering of the mouth

Palatal Lisp

the tongue comes in between the front teeth and the airflow is pushed forward

Interdental Lisp

is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life and affects a person's ability to communicate and interact with others

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Causes of Autism

Genetic Vulnerability Environmental Factors

Symptoms of Autism

Lack or delay in spoken language little or no eye contact lack of interest in peer relationships lack of spontaneous or make-believe play

is necessary ability and everyone communicates with others by using this including hand language

language

In literate culture, children learn about the characteristics and processes of reading and writing from birth, a developmental process called _____________

Emergent Literacy

Filipino children learn the alphabet through the _______________

ABAKADA

The Filipino alphabet of ___ letters, that is currtently being thought in the Philippine schools was instituted in _____ during _____________ presidency. It's called the _______________-

28; 1987: Cory Aquino; Makabagong Alpabetong Pilipino

When learning to spell, children experiment with sounds and letter. Their unconventional patterns are called ____________ and should not be regarded as errors

Invented spelling