C5 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the reactivity series?
A list of metals in order of their reactivity with the most reactive metals ar the top and the least reactive ones at the bottom.
How to extract metals from oxides?
The metal oxide must be reduced (have oxygen removed)
Reactivity series order of reactivity
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Tin Lead Copper Silver Gold
What is a displacement reaction?
A more reactive metal will replace a less reactive metal from an aqueous solution of one of its salts.
OILRIG
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons
Reduction Is Gain of electrons
How can the reactivity series help you decide the best way to extract a metal from its ore
The oxides of metals below carbon can be extracted using carbon. Those above carbon, electrolysis can be used.
What is a salt
A salt is the general name for a co pound formed when the hydrogen in an acid wholly or partially replaced by metals ions
One way you can make a salt
Metal + Acid —-> a salt + hydrogen
Why is the reaction between an acid and a metal a redox reaction
The metal atoms lose electrons and are oxidised and hydrogen ions from acid again electrons are reduced
What a happens when you react an acid and a base?
Acid + base —> a salt + water
Neutralisation reaction
What happens when you react an Acid + Alkali
A neutralisation reaction takes place
Acid + alkali —> a salt + water
What does an acid and a carbonate react to create
Acid + a carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What are bases ?
Substances that can neutralise acids. Metal oxides and metal hydroxide are bases
What are acids
Substances that produce H+ ions when you add ghem to water
What is an alkali?
A soluble hydroxide. They produce OH- ions when you add them to water.
How to use the pH scale to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is ?
Solutions with pH values less than 7 are acidic
Solutions with pH value more than 7 are alkaline
Solution with a pH value of 7 is a nuetral solution
What is the pH level of weak acids?
Higher than solutions of strong acids
Examples of weak acids
Ethanoic acid
Citric acid
Carbonic acid
Examples of strong acids
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
What happens to the concentration a hyydrogen ion when the pH decreases by one unit?
The conecntration increases by a factor of 10
