Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nursing Pharmacology > C5- Resiratory Medications > Flashcards

C5- Resiratory Medications Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the two components of the respiratory system?

A

Upper respiratory system

Lower respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some of the functions of the respiratory system?

A

Brings air into the body and expels CO2 and other waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are two common upper respiratory disorders?

A

Common cold

Allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common cold cause:

A

Rhinovirus
CONTAGIOUS BEFORE SYMPTOMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common cold symptoms

A

Nasal congestion
Cough
Increased mucosal secretions
Rhinorrhea/rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allergic rhinitis cause

A

Pollen or foreign substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Allergic rhinitis symptoms:

A

Acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antihistamine action in upper respiratory:

A

Competes with histamine for receptor sites

Prevents histamine response

Tissue engorgement/inflammation of mucosal linings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antihistamines are treatment of which conditions?

A

Mild allergic reactions
Anaphylaxis
Anxiety
Motion sickness
Nausea treatment
Insomnia

** DOES NOT REDUCE CONGESTION**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antihistamine 1st generation

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antihistamine 2nd generation

A

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
-non-sedating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Side effects of antihistamines for upper respiratory:

A

Sedation (1st generation only)
GI upset
Anticholinergic effects
-dry mouth
-constipation
-urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Use caution with antihistamines if:

A

3rd trimester and breastfeeding
In children and older adults
Asthma
Prostatic hypertrophy/urinary retention
Open angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Major difference between 1st and 2nd antihistamines:

A

NO SEDATION with 2nd generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CNS/Alcohol with antihistamines

A

Additive effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antihistamine administration guidelines:

A

For motion sickness
-give 30 minutes before motion
Administer with food or milk
Caution client about drowsiness
-don’t drive or operate heavy machinery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antihistamine nursing teaching:

A

Advise clients to avoid medications causing CNS depression (additive effect)
-alcohol
-opioids
-barbiturates
-benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Action of decongestants:

A

Stimulate alpha1 adrenergic receptors causing vasoconstriction and reduction in inflammation of the nasal membranes (decreases stuffy nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Systemic decongestant

A

Pseudoephedrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Local (nasal drops/spray) decongestants

A

Phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Decongestant therapeutics

A

Allergic rhinitis
Sinusitis and common cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Systemic vs. Local decongestants:

A

Local =
-more effective and work faster
-shorter duration
-vasoconstriction and CNS stimulation uncommon

Systemic=
-Don’t cause rebound congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are two therapeutics associated with decongestants?

A

Allergic Rhinitis

Sinusitis and common cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Decongestant side effects: (Rebound Congestion occurs in?)

A

Only with local decongestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Decongestant side effects (what happens with the CNS stimulation)
Nervousness Agitation Palpitations
26
Decongestant side effects (Vasoconstriction concerns?)
Hypertension
27
Decongestant side effect voiding/elimination?
Difficulty voiding
28
Decongestant side effect teaching (rebound congestion)
Advise client to use LOCAL DECONGESTANT for no more than 3-5 days
29
Decongestant side effects teaching (CNS stimulation)
Advise client to observe for signs of CNS stimulation and notify PCP if symptoms occur
30
Decongestant side effects teaching (Vasoconstriction)
Advise client with HTN and CAD to avoid using these medications
31
Decongestant side effects teaching elimination/ voiding
Monitor urine output/flow
32
Contraindication/cautions of decongestants
Glaucoma Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) Difficulty voiding
33
Decongestant drug interactions
Caffeine -restlessness -palpitations
34
(Decongestants) report symptoms of
Eye pain Difficulty voiding Palpitations
35
Intranasal glucocorticoids (ACTION)
Prevent inflammation Suppress airway mucus Promote responsiveness of beta2 receptors in bronchial tree Action is not immediate -it does work long term
36
Intranasal glucocorticoids example:
Fluticasone (Flonase)
37
Intranasal glucocorticoids therapeutics:
Decreasing allergic rhinitis symptoms Suppress -congestion -rhinorrhea -sneezing -nasal itching Steroids have an anti-inflammatory action
38
Intranasal Glucocorticoids initial response
May be seen within 2-3 hours
39
Intranasal glucocorticoids maximal effect
May require a week
40
Antitussives (Action)
Suppress cough reflex in the medulla
41
Antitussives (therapeutics) ((BEST USE FOR))
Dry, non-productive cough relief
42
Antitussives (opioid like)
Codeine
43
Antitussives (Non-opioid)
Dextromethorphan (robitussin DM)
44
Antitussives (Local anesthetic)
Benzonatate (Tessalon)
45
Antitussives adverse effects of CNS:
Drowsiness Suppress respirations (opioid)
46
Antitussives GI distress (opioid) adverse effects:
Nausea Constipation
47
Antitussives adverse effects (possible abuse) common in which category?
Both -opioid -non opioid -in high doses can produce euphoria “robo-tripping” or “Lean”
48
Expectorants action:
Loosen bronchial secretions
49
Expectorants example:
Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
50
Expectorants teaching:
Hydration is the best expectorant!
51
Mucolytics action:
Break down the chemical structure of the mucus molecules
52
Mucolytics uses:
CF (cystic fibrosis) Chronic bronchitis Rx ONLY
53
Mucolytics example
Acetylcysteine (mucomyst) -Nebulizer -Sulfer smell
54
Mucolytics administration
Inhalation *** produces sulfur smell ***
55
Mucolytics off label uses
Tylenol overdose Renal protection with contrast dye
56
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:
COPD
57
COPD pathophysiologic changes:
Airway obstruction with increased airway resistance to airflow
58
COPD root causes
Chronic bronchitis Bronchiectasis Emphysema Asthma
59
Asthma definition
Broncho-constriction & inflammation (Narrow airway)
60
Types of asthma:
Acute Chronic
61
Acute Asthma goal of therapy
Terminate bronchi-spasm in progress
62
Chronic asthma goal of therapy:
Reduce the frequency of asthma attacks
63
Management of A.S.T.H.M.A:
A- adrenergics (beta 2 agonists) (albuterol) S- Steroids T- Teophylline H- Hydration (IV) (oral) M- Mask O2 A- Anticholinergics
64
Bronchodilators Beta2 adrenergic agonists
Inhaled short acting - Albuterol (Proventil) Inhaled long acting -Salmeterol (Serevent)
65
Bronchodilators (Anti-cholinerics) Parasympathetic antagonist
Inhaled maintenance (DRY SIDE EFFECTS) -Ipatropium (Atrovent) -Tiotropium (Spiriva) *** ALLERGY CAUTION (SOY, PEANUTS, ATROPINE) ***
66
Bronchodilators Methyl xanthine
Oral long acting medications (emergency occasional IV) -theophylline (Theo-dur)
67
Beta adrenergic agonists side effects:
Minimal when inhaled - increased risk with more use -tachycardia -angina -tremors Pregnancy category C
68
Beta Adrenergic Agonists Medication interactions
Beta blockers -non selective MAOIs, TCA -increased risk of tachycardia and angina
69
Beta adrenergic agonists teaching
Use of inhalers Take adrenergic PRIOR to inhaled steroid
70
Glucocorticoids Action
Suppress immune response Prevents inflammation Decreases mucous production
71
Glucocorticoids help with? (Long term? Short term?)
Long term prophylaxis of asthma Short term treatment after asthma attack Not for rescue during asthma attack
72
Glucocorticoids examples
Methylprednisolone Prednisone (deltasone) Triamcinolone (Azmacort)
73
Glucocorticoids side effects: (what happens in the mouth? How does it effect blood glucose? Bone density? Muscles?)
Hoarseness -yeast infection in mouth/throat Hyperglycemia (diabetes?) Infection (suppress immune system) Bone density loss Muscle wasting
74
Glucocorticoids Teaching
Rinse mouth after using inhaler Do not stop treatment abruptly -taper dose Monitor blood glucose Advise to report early signs of infection -sore throat -weakness -malaise
75
Glucocorticoids interactions:
Potassium wasting diuretics -additive K+ loss NSAIDS -increase risk of peptic ulcers Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs
76
Nursing interventions of glucocorticoid interactions
Monitor K+ levels and administer supplements Advise client to avoid NSAIDS Monitor glucose levels -might want to increase dose of DM med
77
Nursing teaching glucocorticoid interactions
-advise client to inhale beta 2 agonist before glucocorticoid
78
Methylxanthines/Thophylline action
Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle causes dilation
79
Methylxanthines/Theophylline example
Theophylline
80
Theophylline/methylxanthine therapeutics:
Long term control of chronic asthma
81
Methylxanthines/Theophylline Narrow therapeutic range:
Want less than 20mcg - anything above 20mcg is toxic Toxicity signs -GI distress -nervousness -seizures
82
Methylxanthines/Theophylline Interactions (increases levels of what? Decreases levels of what?)
Increases levels of -caffeine -fluoroquinolones Decreases levels of -Phenobarbital -phenytoin -Cigarette smoking
83
Leukotriene Modifiers/Montelukast (singulair) ACTION (prevents effects of? What does it suppress?)
Prevents effects of leukotrienes -suppressing: -inflammation -airway edema -mucous production
84
Leukotriene Modifiers/Montelukast (Singulair) examples:
Montelukast (Singulair)
85
Leukotriene Modifiers/Montelukast (Singulair) Therapeutics:
Long term control of asthma Exercise induced asthma Allergic rhinitis
86
Leukotriene Modifiers/Montelukast (Singulair) Side effects:
Headache Drowsiness Mood changes Suicidal thoughts
87
Antitussives
Codeine Dextromethorphan
88
Expectorants
Guaifenesin
89
Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine (1st) Cetirizine (2nd gen)
90
N/A

Nursing Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions