Unit One Exam Flashcards
1
Q
____-OSIN STANDS FOR WHICH DRUG
A
ALPHA BLOCKERS
2
Q
Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Saliva
A
Liquid
3
Q
Placental Barrier
A
Spontaneos abortion
tertogenesis
4
Q
Adrenergic/sympathetic ALPHA 1 LOCATION
A
arterioles
prostate
bladder
eyes
5
Q
Adrenergic/sympathetic Bronchi
A
dilation
6
Q
Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Eyes
A
ACCOMMODATION FOR:
Near vision miosis
7
Q
Nervous system has two main divisions
A
Central
peripheral
8
Q
Free Drug
A
Active drug
able to exit the blood vessels and reach their sit of action causing a pharmacologic response
9
Q
WET SYMPTOMS
A
DECREASED:
-BP & HR
INCREASED:
BLOOD FLOW (STOMACH, INTESTINES, KIDNEYS)
BLADDER TONE (URINARY SPHINCTER RELAXATION)
SALIVATION
PERISTALSIS (DIGESTIVE SECRETIONS)
PUPIL CONSTRICTION (NO DILATION W/ GLAUCOMA)
10
Q
Cholinergic
A
Rest and Digest
11
Q
Nonmaleficence
A
DO NO HARM
12
Q
Cultural Considerations:
A
Communication Styles
Spatial Preference
Perception of Time
Environmental Control
Social Organization
Biologic Variations
13
Q
Blood Brain Barrier
A
Lipid soluble
low molecular weight
14
Q
IM, Sub Q, Intrathecal onset
A
several minutes
15
Q
Additive Interactions
A
like-drugs
1+1=3
16
Q
Adrenergic/sympathetic CNS
A
increased
drive
alertness
17
Q
Problems assoc. with OTC drugs
A
-mask signs/symptoms of disease
-can interact with Rx drugs
-can be taken in larger quantities than recommended dose
18
Q
PARASYMPATHETIC AGONIST
A
BRADYCARDIA
HYPOTENSION
SALIVATION
URINATION
DIARRHEA (DEFECATION/GI MOTILITY)
MICTURITION (URNARY URGE)
PUPIL CONSTRICTION (OK FOR GLAUCOMA)
BRONCHOSPASMS (BAD WITH ASTHMA)
(S.L.U.D.(G).(E).)
19
Q
Brand/trade name
A
-Selected by the company
-protected by copyright
-designed for clinicians and patients to recall and pronounce easily
20
Q
onset of action
A
affected by absorption rate
21
Q
WET SIDE EFFECTS (S.L.U.D.(G).(E).)
A
S- SALIVATION
L- LACRIMATION
U- URINATION
D- DEFECATION
(G)- (GASTRIC UPSET)
(E)- (EMESIS)
CHOLINERGIC CRISIS
22
Q
Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Bronchi
A
Constriction
increased
secretion
23
Q
oral/transdermal onset
A
30-60mins
24
Q
Adrenergic/sympathetic BETA 1 ACTION
A
Increased:
Cardiac output
HR
Force of heart contractility
BP (renin release)
25
Socio-Cultural Considerations
Cultural values
Med Beliefs
Diet
Tobacco Use
Economic Factors
Language Expressions
Language Barrier
Spiritual Beliefs
26
Adrenergic/sympathetic ENZYME FOR DEGREDATION
Monoamine oxidase
27
Enteric coated/ Sustained Release
DO NOT CRUSH/CHEW
scoured tablets may be split
28
Exipients
inert fillers
29
______-OLOL STANDS FOR
PURE BETA BLOCKER
30
Black Box Label
The drug carries significant, life threatening risks
31
Schedule 4
Low potential for abuse/dependence
-acceptable medicinal use
-RX required
Xanax, Valium, Ativan
32
Off Label Use
Use of a drug for a purpose outside the scope of the drug's approved uses
33
Autonoy
Ability to make reasonable decisions
34
Disintegration is the precursor to
Dissolution
35
Plasma Proteins
Albumin
Lipoproteins
Alph-1-Acid Glycoproteins (AGP)
36
Drugs can replace/act as substitutes for missing chemicals
neurotransmitters
hormones
37
Cholinergic/Parasympathetic GI Tract
Increased
secretion
peristalsis
Decreased
Sphincter tone
38
Parasympathetic NS (Cholinergic)
Craniosacral
Acetylcholine (NT)
Enzymatic Breakdown:
-acetylcholinesterase
39
Interfere with functioning of foreign cells
antibodies
40
Therapeutic
-analgesic
-antipyretic
41
Schedule 2
High potental for abuse and dependence
-some medical properties
Vicodin, Cocaine, Meth
42
Schedule 3
Moderate potential for abuse/dependence
-acceptable med properties
-Rx required
Tylenol with Codeine, Ketamine, Steroids
43
Adrenergic/sympathetic GI Tract
Increase
Sphincter tone
Decrease
peristalsis
blood flow
44
Adrenergic/sympathetic ALPHA 1 ACTION
Vasoconstriction
Pupil Dilation
Decrease
-GI Smooth muscle motility
45
Autonomic functions
Regulates:
Cardiac tissue
Exocrine Glands:
-sweat
-salivary
-gastric
Smooth muscle in:
-bronchi
-vessels
-GI tract
46
Drugs can increase/stimulate certain cellular activities
Metabolism
protein synthesis
smooth muscle
47
Metbolism (primary site)
Liver
enzyme
-cytochrome P450 (many subclasses)
HEPATIC FIRST PASS
48
Adrenergic/sympathetic BETA 2 ACTION
Dilate bronchi
promotes skeletal muscle blood flow
GI and Uterine relaxation
Glycogenolysis
49
Adrenergic/sympathetic ANTAGONIST DRUGS BLOCK/EFFECTS/PREVENTS A RESPONSE
BLOCKS
Synthesis
Release
Degredation
Bind/block post synaptic receptor
50
Adrenergic/sympathetic BETA 1 LOCATION
heart
blood vessels
kidney
51
Fidelity
Keep Promises
52
CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS (BLOCKERS)
BLOCK ALPHA AND BETA RECEPTOR SITES
DIRECTLY (OCCUPYING RECEPTORS)
INDIRECTLY (INHIBITING RELEASE OF NT'S)
53
IV, Intra-arterial, inhalation onset
within one minute
54
Distribution
Protein Binding
Blood Flow
Barriers:
-Blood Brain Barrier
-Placental Barrier
*FAT SOLUBLE STORAGE!!*
55
Protein Binding
Competative binding is a major cause of
Drug-Drug interactions!
adding a med
-may increase original medication therapeutic effect
stopping a med
-may decrease remaining med effect
56
Low Therapeutic index
-narrow therapeutic range
57
Justice
Treating People Fairly
58
Incompatibilities
I dont like you
precipitates
59
Lipid soluble meds
Rapidly pass through membrane
60
Adrenergic/sympathetic Liver
Glycogenesis
glucose release
61
unintended effects
weight gain
tooth decay
62
REST AND DIGEST RESPONSE RESULTS IN
WET SYMPTOMS (CHOLINERGIC CRISIS)
63
ADRENERGIC/SYMPATHETIC ANTAGONISTS BLOCK:
BLOCK THE EFFECTS OF ADRENERGIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS
-ALPHA
-BETA
-SELECTIVE VS NONSELECTIVE
BLOCK ALPHA AND BETA RECEPTOR SITES
DIRECTLY
-OCCUPYING RECEPTORS
INDIRECTLY
-INHIBITING RELEASE OF NT'S
64
Paraenteral
Not into GI tract
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous (IV)
Subcutaneous (SQ)
Intradermal
65
Define side effects
Predictable
66
CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC ENZYME FOR DEGRDATION
ACETYLCHOLINEASTERASE
67
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
REST AND DIGEST
WOKS IN OPPOSITION OF SNS (TO CREATE HOMEOSTASIS)
DECREASES HR
68
Fight or flight response results in
Increased:
BP & HR
Blood flow to (brain, heart, skeletal muscles)
muscle glycogen (for energy)
Blood Sugar
Rate of coagulation
Pupil dilation
69
duration action
affected by half life point of lowest concentration
70
Pharmacologic Class
Family
-non steroidal
-anti inflammatory
71
Adrenergic/sympathetic BETA 2 LOCATION
Lungs
arterioles
liver
72
CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC NEUROTRANSMITTER(S)
ACETYLCHOLINE
73
Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Heart
Decreased
HR & BP
74
FDA Pregnancy Categories
A- adequate evidence to show no risk to fetus
B- No human studies to show safety (animal studies found no harm)
C- Caution Advised, No adequate human studies (animal studies found harmful effects)
D- Clear evidence of risk to fetus (benefits outweigh potential risk)
X- Clear evidence shows TERATOGENESIS (risks outweigh benefits)
75
Schedule 5
Lowest potential 4 abuse/dependence
-acceptable medicinal properties
RX required (fewest refill restrictions)
Lomotil, Motofen, Lyrica
76
ADRENERGIC/SYMPATHETIC BLOCKERS
ANTAGONISTS
77
Adrenergic/sympathetic bladder
Increase
Sphincter tone
decrease
Detrusor muscle
78
Enteral Administration-
GI TRACT (80%)
oral
gasric
79
Nurse Practice Acts:
Laws nurses must abide by
NURSING PROCESS
-assess
-plan
-Intervention
-evaluation
80
Drugs Depress/Slow/block cellular activities
nerve transmission
peristalsis
immune response
81
Metabolism (process)
Chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted
82
Pharmacogenetics
The study of Genetic factors that influence an individual response to specific drugs
83
BETA 2 RECEPTORS EFFECT
LUNGS
84
Chemical Name
Scientific name
85
Adrenergic/sympathetic Skeletal muscle
increase
Blood flow
glycogenosis
86
High Therapeutic Index
Wide therapeutic range
87
Drug Half Life (T 1/2)
The time it takes to eliminate 50% of the medication
half life determine dosing interval
STEADY STATE REACHED AFTER 4 HALF-LIFE DOSES
88
Excretion
Elimination from the body
Kidneys/urine (water soluble)
Lungs
Gi Tract, Sweat, Saliva, Tears, Breast Milk
89
CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC RECEPTORS
MUSCORINIC (MAIN RECEPTOR)
POST-GANGLIONIC
90
Adrenergic
Fight or Flight sympathetic response
91
therapeutic index
relationship between the
-effective dose
-toxic dose
92
BETA 1 RECEPTORS EFFECT
HEART
93
Adrenergic/sympathetic Fat tissue
lipolysis
fatty acid liberation
94
synergistic Interactions
unlike drugs
1+b=3
95
Adrenergic/sympathetic NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
96
Adrenergic/sympathetic Heart
Increase
HR
Pump force
BP
97
Adrenergic/sympathetic Saliva
DRY MOUTH
98
ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS EFFECT
BLOOD VESSELS AND PROSTATE
99
Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Skin
Sweat
100
CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC MUSCORINIC RECEPTORS LOCATED:
EYE
LUNGS
HEART
BOOD VESSELS
GU SYSTEM (BLADDER AND URINARY SPHINCTERS)
GI TRACT (SALIVARY GLANDS, GASTRIC SECRETIONS, INTESTINAL TONE/MOTILITY)
SWEAT GLANDS
SEX ORGANS (ERECTION)
101
Bound Drug
Inactive drug
102
CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC
REST AND DIGEST
FEED AND BREED
103
health literacy
Capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make health decisions
104
Adrenergic Fight or Flight Response
Increase
-HR & BP
Shunting blood AWAY from skin and viscera
-to skeletal muscle
Dilating the bronchi
Dilating Pupils
Mobilizing stored energy
105
antagonistic Interactions
opposite
1+1<1
106
Metabolism (interactions)
Enzyme inhibition
-decreases
Enzyme induction
-increases
Liver Function (LFT's)
107
topical onset
one hour
108
Adrenergic/sympathetic Eyes
Pupillary dilation
109
Adrenergic/sympathetic AGONIST DRUGS CAUSE/EFFECT/RESPONSE
Increased
NT Synthesis
NT Release
Destroy Enzyme of Degredation
Attach to post synaptic receptors
blocks reuptake of NT
110
Intended Effects
Situation-
mood elevation
hunger relief
111
PARKINSONS SYMPTOMS (S.M.A.R.T.)
S- SHUFFLING GAIT
M- MASK LIKE FACE
A- AKINESIA
R- RIGIDITY
T- TREMOR
112
Organ Toxicity (drug effects)
Hepatotoxicity
-liver
nephrotoxicity
-kidney
ototoxicity
-eyes
113
agonist
produces a response
114
PARASYMPATHETIC ANTAGONIST (BLOCKER)
TACHYCARDIA
HPERTENSION
DRY MOUTH
CONSTIPATION
URINARY HESITENCY (RETENTION)
PUPIL DILATION (NOT FOR PEOPLE W/ NARROW ANGLE GLAUCOMA)
115
Non-Selective Drugs
Drugs that effect multiple different receptors
116
antagonist
blocks a response
117
beneficience
ethical obligation to do good and avoid causing harm
118
BETA BLOCKER SIDE EFFECTS
BRADYCARDIA
LETHARGY
GI DISTURBANCE
CHF
DECREASED BP
DEPRESSION
119
sublingual/buccal onset
several mintes
120
Peripheral Nervous system has two major subdivisions
Somatic
-controls voluntary movements
Autonomic
-Involuntary
121
Pharmacodynamics
The study of the EFFECT of Drugs on the body
122
rectal/vaginal onset
15-30 mins
123
CHOLINERGIC SIDE EFFECTS (L.E.S.S.D.U.M.B.)
L- LACRIMATION
E- EXITATION OF NICOTINIC SYNAPSES
S- SALIVATION
S- SWEATING
D- DIARRHEA
U- URINATION
M- MICTURITION
B- BRONCHOCONSTRICTION
124
SYMPATHETIC ANTAGONIST (BLOCKER)
BRADYCARDIA
HYPOTENSION (ORTHOSTATIC)
FATIGUE
DEPRESSION
PUPIL CONSTRICTION (OK FOR GLAUCOMA)
BRONCHOSPASMS (BAD WITH ASTHMA)
125
CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC INDIRECT AGONISTS
TARGET ACETYLCHOLINEASTERASE (DESTROYS)
PREVENTS BREAKDOWN OF NT'S
126
FDA
protecting public by assuring safety and efficency and security of FOOD (humans/animals), Meds, etc
Also advance PH by speeding innovations to make meds and food safer
127
Grapefruit juice
Inhibits intestinal enzymes which
decreases drug metabolism so
the juice can Increase potency of some meds
128
peak action
point of highest concentration
129
Pharmacokinetics
The process of drug movement throughout the body that is necessary for drug Action
130
Protein Binding (distribution)
Each drug has a different affinity for plasma proteins
As free drug leaves circulation, protein bound medication is released
drugs in dynamic equilibrium
131
Sympathetic NS (adrenergic)
Thoraco-lumbar
Norepinephrine (NT)
Enzymatic breakdown
-monoamine oxidase
132
Autonomic NS Response
Increased
-HR & BP
Shunt blood to muscles
Dilate Bronchi
Mydriasis
Glycogenesis
133
Cholinergic/Parasympathetic Bladder
Decreased
sphincter tone
Increased
Detrousor
134
Adrenergic/sympathetic NON SELECTIVE AGONISTS
Epinephrine (A1,B1,B2)
Ephedrine (A1, B1, B2)
Norepinephrine (A1, B1)
Dopamine (A1, B1)
Pseudoephedrine (A1, B1)
135
Veracity
Tell the truth
136
water soluble drugs
need carrier
(enzyme/protein)
137
CHOLINERGIC SYMPTOMS/SIDE EFFECTS:
DRY SYMPTOMS
(CANT PEE, SEE, SPIT, SHIT)
138
SYMPATHETIC AGONIST
TACHYCARDIA
HYPERTENSION
DRY MOUTH
URINARY RETENTION
HYPERGLYCEMIA
TREMORS
ANXIETY/NERVOUSNESS
PUPIL DILATION
(NOT GOOD FOR PEOPLE WITH NARROW ANGLE GLAUCOMA)
139
5 Medication Right
Right
-time
-route
-amount
-medication
-patient
140
Loading Dose
Significantly higher than maintenence dose
given initially to achieve therapeutic levels while reaching "ready state"
141
Asorption
Into the bloodstream
-across membranes
active/passive transport
concentration/energy/carrier
Interacts with:
-other meds
-GI bacteria
-food
-lifespan
142
Generic Name
Nonproprietary name
-original name assigned to the drug at the beginning of the evaluation process
143
BETA BLOCKER ACTION
BLOCKS BETA RECEPTORS IN THE HEART CAUSING:
DECREASED:
-HR
-FORCE OF CONTRACTION
-RATE OF AV CONDUCTION
144
CHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHETIC DIRECT AGONISTS
TARGET PRODUCTION OF NT'S
STIMULATES RECEPTORS (DIRECTLY)
145
Schedule 1
most potential for abuse and dependence
-no medical properties
Heroin, LSD, Marijuana
