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LGS GCSE OCR Chemistry A > C6.2 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

C6.2 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only

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2
Q

Alkanes are hydrocarbons, why do they form a homologous series

A

They have the same general formula.
They are saturated

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3
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

Name the first 4 straight chain alkanes

A

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane

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5
Q

What are the products when alkanes undergo combustion

A

carbon dioxide and water

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6
Q

what is formed when alkanes undergo incomplete combustion

A

water, carbon monoxide and carbon (soot)

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7
Q

what features do alkenes have in common

A

They have C-C double bond and are unsaturated

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8
Q

Give the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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9
Q

Name the first 4 alkenes

A

Ethene, propene, butene, pentene

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10
Q

What is an addition reaction

A

An atom/group of atoms combine with a molecule, and no other products are formed

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11
Q

What do you see when bromine water is added to alkenes

A

It goes colourless from orange - brown

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12
Q

How do you form alkanes from alkenes

A

Add hydrogen in the presence of a Nickel catalyst

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13
Q

What is the functional group present in alcohols and name it

A

-OH
Hydroxyl group

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14
Q

What do names of alcohols end in

A

‘ol’

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15
Q

Name the first 4 alcohols

A

methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

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16
Q

What is formed when alcohols undergo combustion

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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17
Q

What is the functional group present in carboxylic acids

A

Carboxyl group
-COOH

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18
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids

A

CnH2n+1COOH

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19
Q

Name the first 4 carboxylic acids

A

methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

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20
Q

How are carboxylic acids made

A

when alcohols react with oxidising agents in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid

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21
Q

What is formed when carboxylic acids react with metals

A

Salt and hydrogen

22
Q

What is formed when carboxylic acids react with alkalis and bases

A

Salt and water

23
Q

How are carboxylic acids made

A

When alcohols react with oxidising agents such as potassium manganate (V11) solution

24
Q

Explain why crude oil is a finite resource

A

It is non-renewable and is being used up faster than it is being formed

25
Q

Describe and explain fractional distillation

A

Separating mixture of liquids with different boiling points into different fractions

26
Q

What is cracking

A

Breaking down large alkanes to smaller alkane and alkene molecules

27
Q

What are the conditions to carry out cracking

A

High temperature and need a hot catalyst of alumina or silica

28
Q

Why is cracking done ?

A

It helps to match the supply needed of the smaller, more useful molecules in demand

29
Q

What is addition polymerisation

A

When monomers add together to form a long chain polymer

30
Q

Give some examples of polymers

A

polyethene, polypropene, polychloroethene

31
Q

What are the conditions to carry out addition polymerisation

A

High pressure and a catalyst

32
Q

What are the monomers of DNA

A

Nucleotides

33
Q

What does a nucleotide consist of

A

phosphate, deoxyribose, base

34
Q

What are the monomers of a protein

A

Amino Acids

35
Q

What are the monomers of a carbohydrate

A

sugars

36
Q

Name the 4 bases found in DNA

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

37
Q

What happens in a condensation reaction

A

2 molecules react together to form one larger molecule and one smaller molecule

38
Q

what is an amino group

A

-NH2

39
Q

What is a carboxyl group

A

-COOH

40
Q

What is an ester group

A

-COO-

41
Q

What is an Amide group

A

-CONH-

42
Q

6 marker question:
Compare the structure of DNA, Proteins and Carbohydrates.
In your answer, include the similarities and differences between them.

A

They are polymers. They are made up of monomers.
DNA monomers are nucleotides (Phosphate, sugar-deoxyribose, organic base). Proteins are made from amino acids. carbohydrates are made from simple sugars (glucose, & sucrose)
DNA contains four different monomers / nucleotides. Proteins contain about 20 different monomers / amino acids - higher
Sucrose contains two different simple sugars / glucose and fructose -higher

43
Q

Write a word equation for making polyamide

A

diamine + dicarboxylic acid  polyamide + water

44
Q

What are polyesters made from

A

A carboxylic acid with two carboxyl groups also known as dicarboxylic acid.
An alcohol with two hydroxyl groups also known as diol

45
Q

How are proteins formed?

A

Proteins are condensation polymers formed from amino acids.
Amino acids have two different functional groups: Amino and a carboxyl group

46
Q

What is the fuel in a hydrogen oxygen fuel cell

A

The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell uses hydrogen as its fuel

47
Q

What is produced as a product in the hydrogen oxygen fuel cell

A

Water

48
Q

Write the reaction at the anode

A

H2(g) → 2H+ (aq) + 2e-

49
Q

Write the reaction at the cathode

A

4H+(aq) + O2 (g) + 4e- → 2H2O(g)

50
Q

State some advantages of fuel cells

A

They have no moving parts
They are compact.
They are lightweight.
Zero emissions of CO2 from cars (H2O only product)
Easy access to hydrogen and oxygen from decomposition of water

51
Q

What are the disadvantages of fuel cells

A

The method we currently use to produce hydrogen uses fossil fuels which produce pollutants and are running out.
Fuel cells often use poisonous catalysts which have to be disposed of safely when the fuel cell reaches the end of its life

LGS GCSE OCR Chemistry A (7 decks)

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