C4

Question 1

What are the group 1 elements also known as?

Answer 1

Alkali metals

Question 2

What is the general trend in density down group 1?

Answer 2

Increasing

Question 3

What is the general trend in melting point down group 1?

Answer 3

Decreasing

Question 4

What is the general trend in reactivity down group 1?

Answer 4

Increasing

Question 5

Explain the trend in reactivity down group 1.

Answer 5

Reactivity increases as you go down the group;
because the outer shell electron gets further from the nucleus;
so there is a weaker force of attraction between the outer shell electron and the nucleus;
so the outer shell electron is lost more readily

Question 6

Which group 1 element reacting with water does this best describe?
Fizzes steadily and slowly dissapears

Answer 6

lithium

Question 7

Which group 1 element reacting with water does this best describe?
melts to form a silver ball, fizzes vigourously and quickly disappears

Answer 7

sodium

Question 8

Which group 1 element reacting with water does this best describe?
immediately ignites, burns with a lilac flame and very quickly disappears

Answer 8

potassium

Question 9

What two products are formed when group 1 metals react with water?

Answer 9

hydrogen and a metal hydroxide

Question 10

Would you expect the solution formed from the reaction of a group 1 metal with water to be acidic or alkaline?

Answer 10

alkaline

due to the formation of a metal hydroxide

Question 11

What name are the group 17 (old group 7) elements known by?

Answer 11

The halogens

Question 12

What name is given to a compound containing a group 17 (old group 7) element?

Answer 12

Halide

Question 13

What is the general trend in reactivity of the halogens going down the group?

Answer 13

Decreasing

Question 14

What is the general trend in melting and boiling points of the halogens going down the group?

Answer 14

Increasing

Question 15

What is the general trend of the colours of the halogens going down the group?

Answer 15

Tend to get darker

Question 16

What is the general trend in the density of the halogens going down the group?

Answer 16

Increasing

Question 17

Explain the trend in reactivity of the halogens going down the group.

Answer 17

Reactivity decreases as you go down the group;
because the outer shell gets further from the nucleus;
so there is a weaker force of attraction between the outer shell electrons and the nucleus;
so electrons are gained less readily

Question 18

Which halogens can displace other halogens from their halide compounds?

Answer 18

More reactive halogens can displace less reactive halogens from their halide compounds

Question 19

Which halogens can displace iodine from NaI?

Answer 19

fluorine, chlorine and bromine

Question 21

Which halogens can displace bromine from KBr

Answer 21

fluorine and chlorine

Question 21

Which halogens can displace chlorine from KCl

Answer 21

fluorine

Question 22

What are the products of this displacement reaction?

Cl₂ + 2KBr –>

Answer 22

Cl₂ + 2KBr –> 2KCl + Br₂

Question 23

What are the products of this displacement reaction?

F₂ + 2NaI –>

Answer 23

F₂ + 2NaI –> 2NaF + I₂

Question 24

What observations would you expect to make when adding aqueous chlorine solution to a solution of potassium bromide?

Answer 24

Colourless potassium bromide solution turns orange/brown

due to the formation of bromine

Question 25

What name are the group 0 elements commonly known as?

Answer 25

The noble gases

Question 26

What is the general trend in the density of the group 0 elements going down the group?

Answer 26

Increasing

Question 27

What is the general trend in boiling points of the group 0 elements going down the group?

Answer 27

Increasing

Question 28

**Explain** the lack of reactivity of the group 0 elements?

Answer 28

All group 0 elements have a full outer shell of electrons; so they have no tendency to either gain or lose electrons; so they don't readily form ions or covalent bonds

Question 29

# ``` ``` What are some general properties of all metals

Answer 29

Shiny when freshly cut; good conductors of electricity; malleable

Question 30

In what ways do the properties of the transition metals differ from the group 1 metals?

Answer 30

Transition metals are stronger and harder; have higher densities; have higher melting points | except mercury which is a liquid at room temperature

Question 31

Why do the compounds of transition metals sometimes include roman numerals in their formulae?

Answer 31

Transition metal elements often form several ions with different charges.

Question 32

What name is given to the elements in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table?

Answer 32

Transition metals

Question 33

What test is used for carbon dioxide?

Answer 33

When carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater, the limewater turns cloudy due to the formation of a white precipitate

Question 34

What test is used for chlorine?

Answer 34

Chlorine turns damp **blue litmus red**, then bleaches it **white**.

Question 35

What test is used for hydrogen?

Answer 35

When a lit splint is held to the mouth of a container filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen ignites with a **squeaky pop**

Question 36

What test is used for oxygen?

Answer 36

A glowing splint will reignite when held in a container of oxygen

Question 37

What flame test colour indicates lithium ions?

Answer 37

Red

Question 38

What flame test colour indicates sodium ions?

Answer 38

yellow

Question 39

What flame test colour inidcates potassium ions?

Answer 39

Lilac

Question 40

What flame test colour indicates calcium ions?

Answer 40

Orange-red

Question 41

What flame test colour indicates copper ions?

Answer 41

Green-blue

Question 42

A red flame is indicative of which ion?

Answer 42

Li⁺

Question 43

A yellow flame is indicative of which ion?

Answer 43

Na⁺

Question 44

A lilac flame is indicative of which ion?

Answer 44

K⁺

Question 45

An orange-red flame is indicative of which ion?

Answer 45

Ca²⁺

Question 46

A green-blue flame is indicative of which ion?

Answer 46

Cu²⁺

Question 47

A green precipitate during a hydroxide precipitate test indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 47

Fe²⁺

Question 48

An orange-brown precipitate during a hydroxide precipitate test indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 48

Fe³⁺

Question 49

An blue precipitate during a hydroxide precipitate test indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 49

Cu²⁺

Question 50

A white precipitate that **does not** redissolve in excess sodium hydroxide during a hydroxide precipitate test indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 50

Ca²⁺

Question 51

A white precipitate that **redissolves** in excess sodium hydroxide during a hydroxide precipitate test indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 51

Zn²⁺

Question 52

What colour precipitate is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing iron(II) ions?

Answer 52

Green

Question 53

What colour precipitate is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing iron(III) ions?

Answer 53

orange-brown

Question 54

What colour precipitate is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing copper(II) ions?

Answer 54

blue

Question 55

What colour precipitate is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing calcium ions?

Answer 55

white

Question 56

What colour precipitate is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing zinc ions?

Answer 56

white

Question 57

How can a zinc hydroxide precipitate be distinguished from a calcium hydroxide precipitate?

Answer 57

The zinc hydroxide precipitate will **redissolve** in excess sodium hydroxide, whislt the calcium hydroxide precipitate **will not redissolve**

Question 58

What test is used for sulfate ions?

Answer 58

A white precipitate will form when barium chloride solution is added to a solution containing sulfate ions | the precipitate is insoluble barium sulfate

Question 59

What test is used for carbonate ions?

Answer 59

A solution containing carbonate ions will effervesce when dilute acid is added | Due to the formation of carbon dioxide gas - test also works on solids ## Footnote effervescence = bubbling

Question 60

What test is used for chloride ions?

Answer 60

A white precipitate forms when silver nitrate solution is added to a solution containing chloride ions. | the precipitate is insoluble silver chloride

Question 61

What test is used for bromide ions?

Answer 61

A cream precipitate forms when silver nitrate solution is added to a solution containing bromide ions. | the precipitate is insoluble silver bromide

Question 62

What test is used for iodide ions?

Answer 62

A yellow precipitate forms when silver nitrate solution is added to a solution containing iodide ions. | the precipitate is insoluble silver iodide

Question 63

An white precipitate during a silver nitrate test indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 63

Cl^-

Question 64

An cream precipitate during a silver nitrate test indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 64

Br^-

Question 65

An yellow precipitate during a silver nitrate test indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 65

I^-

Question 66

Effervescene when dilute acid is added to a solution indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 66

CO₃^2-

Question 67

A white precipitate when barium chloride is added to a solution indicates the presence of which ion?

Answer 67

SO₄^2-

Question 68

Why might you acidify a solution with hydrochloric acid before carrying out the barium chloride test?

Answer 68

To make sure any carbonate ions have reacted to form carbon dioxide first | otherwise a precipitate of barium carbonate could give a false positive

Question 69

State three advantages instrumenta methods of analysis have over chemical methods of analysis.

Answer 69

greater sensitivity; greater accuracy; greater speed

Question 70

In a gas chromatogram, what is represented by each peak

Answer 70

a substance present in the mixture

Question 71

How many peaks would a gas chromatogram of a pure substance have?

Answer 71

one

Question 72

How many peaks would a gas chromatogram of a mixture of three compounds have?

Answer 72

three

Question 73

What feature of a gas chromatogram represents the relative amount of a substance?

Answer 73

The area under the peak

Question 74

What is the time taken for a substance to travel through a gas chromatography column known as?

Answer 74

retention time

Question 75

What are the three main uses of mass spectrometry?

Answer 75

measuring the mass of atoms and molecules; determining the relative amounts of different isotopes of an atom; determining the stucture of molecules

Question 76

In a mass spectrum, what does the peak to the far right represent?

Answer 76

the molecular ion

Question 77

In a mass spectrum, what do the peaks to the left of the right-most peak represent?

Answer 77

different fragments of the molecular ion

Question 78

What quantity is measured on the horizontal axis of a mass spectrum

Answer 78

the mass to charge ratio (m/z) | where m is mass and z is charge

Question 79

What is the m/z ratio of the molecular ion equal to?

Answer 79

the relative formula mass (M_r) of the molecule | assuming at GCSE that the molecular ion has a +1 charge