CA random facts from bates

Question 1

fibroadenoma

age?

mobility?

Answer 1

15-25, usually pubery and young adulthood

very mobile

Question 2

breast cysts

age?

2 characteristics

Answer 2

30-50

mobile, OFTEN TENDER

Question 3

cancer

age?

3 features?

Answer 3

often over 50

irregular or stellate shape

fixed

retraction signs may be present

Question 4

what are three physical changes cancer can cause to the breast tissue?

Answer 4

1. dimpling
2. countour changes
3. retraction

Question 5

what does edema of the breast tissue cause?

Answer 5

p’eau d’orange when lymphatic system is blocked, skin enlarges and looks like orange peel

Question 6

genital warts

aka?

looks like?

agent?

Answer 6

condylomata acuminata

1. cauliflower like

2. causative agent: HPV

Question 7

genital herpes is caused by?

Answer 7

herpes simplex virus 2

Question 8

what occurs in primary syphilis? what is the causative agent?

Answer 8

a chancre that is PAINLESS

treponema pallidum

Question 9

chancroid

4 characteristics

Answer 9

painful deep ulcer with ragged nondurated margins and contains necrotic exudate with friable base

Question 10

hypospadias

what is it?

Answer 10

congenital displacement of the urethral meatus to the inferior surface of the penis

Question 11

peyronie’s disease

what is this?

what does patient complain of?

Answer 11

hard plaques found just beneath the skin

usually on the dorsum of the penis

complains of crooked, painful errections

Question 12

hydrocele

what is this?

key feature?

Answer 12

nontender, fluid fillled mass withing the tunica vaginalis

Transluminates!!

Question 13

scrotal hernia is usually caused by a…

Answer 13

indirect hernia

Question 14

cryptorchidism

what happens in this?

what can’t you do?

Answer 14

testes may lay in the inguinal canal or in the abdomen resulting in an unfilled scrotom and there is no palpable testes or epididymis

Question 15

what is the syndrome that causes a small testes? how big is it?

Answer 15

klinefelters syndrome less than 2 cm

Question 16

acute orchitis

what does this cause?

what is it caused by?

Answer 16

acute inflammed testes, painful, tender, and swollen

seen in mumps and other viral infections, usually unilateral

Question 17

tumor of the testes

presents as?

Answer 17

painless nodules and in late stages appeares heavier than normal

Question 18

most common cause of acute epididymitis? what supports the dx?

Answer 18

chlamydia infection most common

coexisting UTI supports dx

Question 19

varicocele of spermatic cord

what does this feel like?

what makes it better?

Answer 19

“bag of worms” feeling

gets better when the scrotum is elevated because veins collapse

Question 20

what does a indirect hernia do to your finger in the canal?

Answer 20

comes down and meets it, touches finger tip

Question 21

what does a direct hernia do to your finger when in the canal?

Answer 21

pushes it anteriorly and forward

Question 22

what happens when you finger is in the canal in a femoral hernia?

Answer 22

nothing…it odesn’t enter the canal

Question 23

what are the characteristics of a syphilitic chancre?

Answer 23

PAINLESS ULCER!!!

Question 24

what are the characteristics of the herpes ulcers?

2

Answer 24

1. PAINFUL ULCERS
2. erythmatous base

Question 25

what is the name of the venearl wart? what is it caused by?

Answer 25

condyloma acuminatum caused by HPV

Question 26

what do the secondary syphilis lesions look like? contagious? 2 keys!

Answer 26

1. slightly raised round or oval 2. **_FLAT TOPPED GREY EXUDATE_** **_CONTAGIOUS_**

Question 27

trichomonas vaginalis ## Footnote organism? discharge? mucosa?

Answer 27

trichomonas vaginalis yellow/green discharge mucosa reddened with small red spots

Question 28

bacterial vaginosis ## Footnote bacterial? discharge? smell? 2 tests? ph?

Answer 28

bacterial overgrowth ## Footnote gray/white _fishy smell_ _clue cells (epithelia with stippled borders)_ _KOH whiff test=fishy smell_ _pH over 4.5_

Question 29

cystocele where?

Answer 29

upper 2/3 of vaginal wall

Question 30

urethral caruncle ## Footnote whats it look like?

Answer 30

small red benign tumor visible at the posterior part of the urethral meatus

Question 31

color of the squamous epithelium of the cervix?

Answer 31

pink and shiny ectocervix!

Question 32

what is the color of the columnar epithelium?

Answer 32

deep red endocervix

Question 33

rentention cysts/nabothlian cysts ## Footnote when do these form?

Answer 33

formed when the columar cells (center) are transformed the squamous cells (ectocervix) via metabplasia during adolescence

Question 34

name these 3 cervix types

Answer 34

Question 35

what are the two most common causes of mucopurlulent cervicitis?

Answer 35

1. chlamydia trachcomatis 2. neisseria gonnoreah

Question 36

how would you describe carcinoma of the cervix?

Answer 36

caluflower like!!

Question 37

in moderate retroversion can you feel the body of the uterus?

Answer 37

the body might not be palpable with either hand

Question 38

in marked retroversion, can you feen the body of the uterus?

Answer 38

body can be felt posteriorly through the rectum or posterior fornix

Question 39

in retroflexion of the uterus, what happens?

Answer 39

the cervix maintains its normal angle and the body of the uterus may be palpable through the rectum or posterior fornix

Question 40

explain the 3 degrees of uterine prolapse?

Answer 40

1st-cervix well within vagina 2nd-it is at the introitus 3rd-cervix and vagina are outside the introitus (procidentia)

Question 41

what are 2 common pathogens that cause PID? ## Footnote 3 sxs?

Answer 41

chlamydia gonnoreah ## Footnote 1. chandeliere very tender 2. bilateral adexa masses 3. movement of cervix is painful

Question 42

what can happen is PID is left untreated? 2

Answer 42

1. _tubo-ovarian abcess_ 2. infertility