Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 8: Mali: GU > CA random facts from lecture > Flashcards

CA random facts from lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Palpable Mass in 12-25 year old….what could it be?

A

fibroadenoma

nontender

MOBILE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

palpable mass in a 25-50 year old…what could it be? 3

A

breast cyst (well circumscribed, sometimes tender)

fibrocystic changes

cancer ( FIXED MASS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

if there is a palpable mass in over 50 year old….what could it be?

A

cancer until proven otherwise!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the lifetime risk for breast cancer?

A

1 in 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the most important RF for breast cancer?

A

AGE!!!!

suspect BRCA1 or 2 if before 50!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the screening test of choice for breast cancer?

A

MAMMOGRAPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

screening for breast cancer should be….

A

individualized!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when should you start screening for breast cancer?

A

40-50s depending on reccomendations

40 is the earliest you would screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when should you stop screening mammograms for breast cancer?

A

if life expectancy is less than 10 years!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when should you suspect BRCA1 or 2 gene mutations?

3

A
  1. 1st degree relative w/breast cancer before 50

  1. greater than two individuals in same lineage with breast cancer
  2. 1st degree relative with ovarian cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clinical breast exam

when do they start?

how often should they be done?

A

start at 20

20-40: every 2-3 years

40+: annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the four positions you have the pt put their arms in for clinical breast exam?

A
  1. arms at side
  2. arms overhead
  3. hands on hips
  4. leaning forward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how should you palpate the breast?

A

supine position, one breast at a time

vertical strip pattern with concentric circles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the quandrants of the breast? how do you describe the location of a lump/bump?

A

upper outer quadrant

upper inner quadrant

lower outer quadrant

lower inner quadrant

describe with clock numbers THEN cm from nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

male breast cancer accounts for what percent of all breast cancer?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if you see a nipple with what looks like eczema on it or dry skin, what should you always suspect?

A

pagets disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the names of the lymph nodes in the axillary region? 4

two others to consider? 2

A
  1. lateral
  2. central
  3. subscapular
  4. pectoral

two others:

  1. infraclavicular
  2. supraclavicular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are 5 tests you can do to dx breast cancer?

A
  1. breast bx
  2. US
  3. mammogram
  4. contrast enhanced MRI
  5. cytology of nipple discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are 4 common/concerning male genital sxs?

A
  1. sexual response
  2. penile discharge/lesions
  3. scrotal pain, swelling, lesions
  4. STIs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the most important thing to remember about STIS?

A

PREVENTION!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are 3 ways to prevent STIs?

A
  1. condoms
  2. HPV vaccine
  3. universal testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when preforming male and female exams, what must you always have?

A

a chaparone!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how should you inspect the penis?

A

standing or supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what 2 fingers do you use to palpate the scrotom?

A

first two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what position is the patient in to inspect for hernias? what must you ask the patient to do?
standing ask them to bear down
26
what percent of women with CA have not family hx or reproductive RF?
50%
27
where are indirect hernias?
near _internal ring_, often _enter the scrotum_
28
where are direct hernias? what are they associated with?
near _external inguinal ring_ ## Footnote _associated with lifting or straining_
29
where does femoral hernial occur? what is it associated with?
_below femoral ligament_ ## Footnote _more associated with bowel incarceration/strangulation_
30
what finge should you use to examine the right inguinal canal for hernia?
right hand
31
testicular torsion ## Footnote 3 defining characteristics!
cremasteric reflex _absent_ 1 high riding testes with _bell clapper deformity and profound swelling_ EMERGENCY!!!!
32
epididymitis ## Footnote 2 defining characterstics
1. cremaster reflex _present_ 2. epididymis tenderness and induration
33
what are 7 test you could do if you found abnormal findings on a male during a genital exam?
1. scrotal US 2. UA/UC 3. gram stain of urethral discharge 4. STI testing 5. semen analysis 6. aspiration 7. tumor markers for alpha fetoprotein/HCG
34
testicular torsion is an...
EMERGENCY
35
who do you refer someone with a testicular mass to?
urology
36
who do you refer somone with a hernia to?
general surgery ## Footnote incarcerated/strangulated is an EMERGENCY!!
37
post menopausal bleeding is a red flag because you need to rule out?
endometrial cancer
38
gravida para notation ## Footnote explain this notation
G=total # of pregnancies Para=# of successful pregnancies then TPAL **_term_** **_preterm_** **_abortion_** **_living children_** EX: G4P2113
39
when does cervical cancer screening start and stop?
start: 21 stop: 65
40
how often do you screen for cervical cancer for women 21-29?
every 3 years!
41
how often to you screen for cervical cancer in women 30-65? what do you screen with?
every 5 years, PAP+ HPV cotest!
42
what position is a women in to have a pap done? what to make sure you do?
lithotomy position keep downward pressure
43
what two fingers do you insert to do a bimanual exam?
index and middle
44
what are the 5 things you are palpating for on bimanual exam?
1. cervix 2. uterus 3. ovaries 4. access pelvic floor muscles 5. rectovaginal exam
45
what is pathonewmonic for trichomoniasis?
strawberry cervix
46
is urine HCG qual or quant?
qual
47
is serume HCG quant or qual?
BOTH
48
what are the 3 things you could look for on a wet prep?
clue cells yeast trichomonas
49
clue cells bacterial vaginosis
50
HYPHAE YEAST INFECTION
51
trich flagella present!
52
how much does HcG rise by every 48 hours?
increases by 50%
53
what is indicated by: 1. HCG rising too fast 2. HCG rising too slow
**RISES TOO FAST:** **1. multiple gestations** **RISES TOO SLOW:** **1. nonviable IUP** **2. ectopic pregnancy**
54
polycystic ovarian syndrome ## Footnote what is this? 3 things your at increased risk for? 4 PE findings
**OVULATORY DYSFUNCTION and HYPERANDROGENISM** **puts at risk for:** **1. metabolic syndrome** **2. T2DM** **3. CVD** **4. endometrial cancer** PE FINDINGS: acne hirsuitism menstrual irregularities obesity DX VIA transvaginal US and testosterone
55
what are 3 RF for prostate cancer?
1. age 2. african 3. family hx
56
what age do you start prostate screening? remember?
50 years old BUT INDIVIDUALIZED
57
what lab can you check if suspected prostate cancer?
PSA every 2-4 years
58
what is important to know about digital rectal exams and prostate cancer?
early detection has not been show to reduce mortality and may leave for over dx and over tx
59
what finger should you use for digital rectal exam?
index finger
60
what are 5 tests you could do for followup to an abnormal digital rectal exam?
1. PSA 2. guiac 3. transrectal US guided prostate bx 4. post-prostatic massage urine culture 5. colonoscopy
61
what percent of pregnancies are unitended?
50%
62
when is the best time to take a home pregnancy test?
1 week after missed period
63
what are the urine requirements for HCG for a positive test?
20-50 units
64
what are the unit requirements of HCG for a serum test to be positive?
5-10 units
65
what is the scheduling for OBGYN visits once a woman finds out she is pregnant? 4 rules
**1. 1st vist: 8 weeks after gestation** **2. every 4 weeks until 28 weeks pregancy** (1/month) **3. every 2 weeks until 36 weeks gestation** **4. weekly 36-42 weeks**
66
what is your biggester concern from 36 weeks to delivery that makes for weekly visits?
preclampsia
67
what is the best way to gage estimated due date? and then confirmatory?
last menstrual period ## Footnote confirm with US where they measure from crown to rump to determine due date
68
what are the 3 most common sxs of pregnancy?
1. morning sickness 2. breast tenderness and fullness 3. urninary frequency and fatigue
69
first prenatal visit key points: ## Footnote 3 3 others
**1. _beasts_: fuller due to increased vascularity and glandular hyperplasia** **_2. pelvic_**: **1. chadwicks sign: blueish discoloration of the cervix due to increased blood flow** **2. uterus soft** 3. venous hum 4. lower extremity edema and varicose veins 5. hemmorids
70
explain the size of the uterus during these phases: 1. 6-8 weeks 2. 8-10 weeks 3. 10-12 weeks
1. 6-8 weeks=plum ## Footnote 2. 8-10 weeks=orange 3. 10-12 weeks=grapefruit
71
explain how the pts weight might influence how much weight they will gain in the pregnancy?
1. low BMI: _25-30 pounds_ 2. obese: possibly none
72
what should a prego woman take for supplement?
multivitamin with folic acid!
73
what are five foods a prego lady should avoid?
1. fish 2. cheese (esp soft) 3. raw milk 4. large fish! or uncooked 5. deli meat!!
74
what do you need to remind a woman not to do when in 3rd trimester?
lay supine on back! don't lay flat!!
75
what do you need to screen for in a prego lady?
abuse! rates increase in this population!
76
what are the 3 most important immunizations a prego lady can get?
1. influenza (not nasal) 2. Tdap (for whooping cough) 3. RhoGAM (if Rhnegative!)
77
what are the 5 most common genetic screening to test the a fetus for?
1. down syndrome trisomy 21 2. hemoglobinpaties 3. cystic fibrosis 4. fragile X 5. ashkenazi jewish population
78
explain the pattern of BP in a prego woman?
_cardiac output increase, vascular resistance decreases_ ## Footnote **this means the BP dips in the middle of the pregnancy between weeks 16-24 so know this so can accuary analyze health**
79
what are 3 things you might wnat to check on a urine dip stick of a prego woman?
1. protein 2. glucose (nephrons get leakier so helps check for gestation diabetes) 3. ketones (indicates hydration)
80
when do you start to hear the fetal HR? rate? if abnormal?
10 weeks! !! 120-160 **if abnormal hr do _NST_ which alllows you to monitor the HR for longer time ~20 mins and monitor fetal contractions**
81
Rh postive babies in Rh negative mom are at risk for developing...
hemolytic anemia
82
who and when do you give RhoGAM to?
Rh negative mothers 26-28 weeks gestation
83
second trimester: ## Footnote quickened growth starts\_\_\_ external palpations start\_\_\_
quickened growth (visible): 18-22 weeks ## Footnote external palpations: 24 weeks
84
second trimester key points: 5 milestones for H&P
monitor: 1. uterine contractions 2. fundal height starting at 20 weeks 3. 1-hr GDM screen 24-28 weeks 4. Rhogram if RH- @ 28 weeks 5. US to check anatomy
85
third trimester H&P: 6 milestones 2 labs
1. fetal movement ## Footnote a. can check baby size on the outside b. check baby position via _leopold maneuver_ can confirm with US 2. vaginal leaking a. want to know if amniotic fluid since prevents against infection with the baby 3. preclampsia 4. fetal presentation 5. cervix exam 6. labs a. _check group B step at 36 weeks_ _b. HgB at 36 weeks_
86
what does fetal presentation refer to?
**1. vertex position** **2. complete breech** **3. incomplete breech** **4. frank breech**
87
what are the leopld maneuvers?
used to determine the position of the fetus in uterus and determine if baby is breeched and a cessarian section is needed ## Footnote best accuarcy if after 36 weeks
88
what are the 5 desciptions you use for the cervix during the 3rd trimester?
1. dilation 2. effacement 3. fetal station 4. consistency 5. position of the cervix
89
how much does cervix dilate?
0-10 cm
90
how is effacement of the cervix measured?
thinning of the cervix
91
fetal station scale
-3 to +2
92
what is the consistency and position of the cervix described as in pregnancy?
**CONSISTENCY** firm medium soft **POSTION OF CERVIX** posterior middle anterior
93
just some fun random complaints in pregnancy?
heartburn urinary frequency vaginal discharge constipation hemorrhoids backache nausea breast tenderness fatigue lower abdominal pain abdominal striae loss of mucous plug edema
94
post-natal visit occurs when?
6 weeks post partum
95
what are some things you should offer at the postnatal visit?
menses resumes family planning screen for post partum depression breastfeeding return to work sexual activity weight loss guide stress management
96

Module 8: Mali: GU (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions