Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Radiology (Final) > Calcification of Soft tissues > Flashcards

Calcification of Soft tissues Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Soft tissues calcification/mineralisation is a relatively common phenomenon identified on conventional radiography with approximately 70-90% found in the _____ region.

A

Neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 8 Soft tissues calcification in the neck?

A
  • Carotid artery
  • Triticeous cartilage
  • Thyroid and tracheal cartilage
  • Nuchal ligament aka nuchal ligament ossicles
  • Tonsils
  • Stylohyoid ligament
  • Salivary glands (sialolithiasis or salivary gland stones)
  • Lymph node
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 thoracic calcifications?

A
  • Tracheal/bronchi calcifications
  • Costochondral cartilages calcifications
  • Intrathoracic lymph nodes calcifications
  • Aortic Arch Atherosclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
• Renal, Ureteric and Bladder Stones
• Gallstones and Porcelain Gallbladder
• Abdominal Lymph nodes Calcifications
• Splenic & Hepatic Calcifications
• Adrenal glands calcifications
• Intra-abdominal Vascular Calcifications
 • Pelvic Phleboliths
• Fecoliths and Appendicoliths
• Vas Deference & Seminal Vesicle Vesicals Calcifications
• Prostatic Calcifications
• Scrotal Calcifications
(These are part of what types of Soft tissue calcification?)
A

Intra-abdominal and pelvic soft tissues calcifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____ ______ Atherosclerosis is due to calcified atheromatous plaques.

A

Carotid Arteries Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carotid Arteries Atherosclerosis abnormality is best identified on _____ views.

A

AP Lower Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carotid Arteries Atherosclerosis is Similar to other atheromatous vascular calcification this is typically detected in _____ patients.

A

middle-age or elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Calcified Triticeous Cartilage: The triticeous cartilages are tiny bilateral ovoid structures that are located below the _____ bone in the lateral thyrohyoid ligaments.

A

Hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Calcified Triticeous Cartilage can be seen at approximately the level of _____ and visualized best on ______ views.

A

C3-C4; lateral cervical views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Triticeous cartilages is located between the fibres of _____ ______ ligaments

A

lateral thyrohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thyroid and Laryngeal Cartilages calcification, Tracheal cartilage. Focal nuchal ligament heterotopic ossification aka sesamoid ossicles of nuchal ligaments. These are _____-related physiological calcifications in the neck.

A

Age-related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Calcification of the palatine tonsil (tonsillolith) is due to previous _____ and ______.

A

previous infection and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Submandibular gland is the most common location of stones in the salivary gland (80%) known as _____.
  • Salivary stone disease is a common cause of acute and chronic _____ _____ infections
A

sialolithiasis; salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

-Cervical lymph nodes calcification are usually ______ and are due to infection/inflammation. -Concretion type pattern of calcifications helps to differentiate it from _____ calcification

A

dystrophic; vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cervical lymph nodes are best seen in which view?

A

AP Lower Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(T/F) Trachea and Bronchi cartilage calcification. No clinical significance and typically age-related.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____ _____ calcification of the 1st Ribs

A

Costochondral cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Costochondral cartilage typically uses what view?

A

PA Chest view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Costochondral cartilage is slightly more common in males or females?

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

______ calcification of mediastinal lymph nodes are typically related to previous exposure to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis or other infections.

A

“egg-shell”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Occasionally certain types of pneumoconiosis (especially silicosis) due to ______ inhalation may be considered.

A

industrial dust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Classic C-shaped pathological mitral valve calcifications over the left ventricle and Aortic arch calcifications related to ______.

A

atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Calcification of the pleura, seen abutting both domes of the diaphragm and the lateral chest wall and are abnormal, may be related to _____, _____ or other pathology

A

asbestos inhalation, tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____(cholelithiasis) may be frequently associated with attacks of acute or chronic cholecystitis

A

Gall stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
(T/F): Gall stones (cholelithiasis) can be an incidental finding in the asymptomatic individuals.
True
26
(T/F): Some gall stones may be translucent and not detected on conventional x-rays..
True
27
Generally two types of gall stones | are recognized, _____ (less radiodense) and _____ _____(more radioopaque)
pigment; cholesterol stones
28
Calcification of _____ lymph nodes may follow previous infection/inflammation such as gastroenteritis, fungal or TB exposure.
mesenteric
29
Calcification of mesenteric lymph nodes are (common/ uncommon) and often detected incidentally.
Common
30
Calcification of mesenteric lymph nodes occasionally may be a result of _____ or _____ and should be investigated by abdominal CT scanning
malignant neoplasms or metastasis
31
Adrenal glands calcification is best seen in which view?
AP abdomen view
32
Adrenal glands calcification can be ______ and not commonly noted.
Asymptomatic
33
Adrenal calcification may follow _____ _____ _____ or _____ _____ especially with mycobacterium tuberculosis
birth delivery trauma; previous infections
34
Abdominal aortic calcification due to atheromatous plaques is another common radiographic finding especially in the _____ and _____ patients and should be carefully evaluated for _____.
middle-age and elderly; abdominal aortic aneurysm
35
What is the normal diameter of abdominal aorta?
Aout 2 cm
36
Abdominal aorta should not exceed _____ cm as an upper limit of normal.
2.8-3 cm
37
Splenic artery calcification due to atheromatous plaques can be seen as _____ _____ calcification in the _____ _____ abdominal quadrant.
tortuous arterial; left upper
38
If Splenic artery calcification is detected should be evaluated for _____ _____ _____.
splenic artery aneurysm
39
Which aneurysm is | Rare overall but considered 2nd most common abdominal aneurysm?
Splenic Artery aneurysm
40
Which aneurysm is considered number 1 common abdominal aneurysm?
Aorto-iliac aneurysm
41
What is the Female to Male ratio on likelihood of getting splenic artery aneurysm?
F:M 2:1 (Females are twice likely)
42
Most patients that have splenic artery aneurysm are in their _____ decade of life or older
6th
43
What is the cause of splenic artery aneurysm?
Hypertension atherosclerosis
44
Splenic artery aneurysm are often discovered _____ during radiography, CT and US.
Incidentally (unintentionally)
45
Can the size vary for splenic artery aneurysm? What is the range?
Yes; 20-30 mm to 40+ mm.
46
At which point referral to a vascular surgeon may be necessary for splenic artery aneurysm.
If splenic artery aneurysm is greater than 30 mm
47
Calcified splenic pseudocyst aka _____ (__% of all splenic cysts)
secondary cyst (80% of all splenic cysts)
48
Calcified splenic pseudocyst is usually related to _____ _____ ______.
past splenic trauma
49
Can Calcified splenic pseudocyst be from inflammation or infarction?
Yes
50
If splenic artery aneurysm is considered, _____ scanning with _____ contrast may help
CT; IV
51
Does Splenic pseudocyst typically require treatment?
No
52
What is nephrolithiasis?
Renal stone
53
Renal stone (nephrolithiasis) are mostly radiopaque and well-visualised on _____ and _____.
conventional radiography (X-ray) and CT scanning
54
If Renal stone (nephrolithiasis) is found in the _____ or _____ junction may be symptomatic and can lead to obstruction and _____.
ureter; ureteropelvic; hydronephrosis
55
Renal stone (nephrolithiasis) Should be evaluated by _____ scanning and/or diagnostic _____.
CT; ultrasound
56
Large renal stones are also known as _____ _____.
Staghorn calculi
57
An appendicolith (fecoliths) especially in children has a higher association with acute _____.
appendicitis
58
Urinary stasis leads to _____ formation.
urinary stone
59
- _____ _____ _____ is a common cause in older males for urinary bladder stone. - _____ abnormalities may also increase chances
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | - Congenital
60
Prostate gland calcification/calculi is more common in _____ or _____ patients.
middle-age or elderly patients
61
Scrotal calculi which are also known as a _____ or _____.
Fibrinoid Loose Bodies or Scrotal Pearl
62
Scrotal calculi is calcification within the scrotum, associated with repetitive _____.
Trauma (Ex. mountain bikers)
63
Calcified uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are often described radiographically as characteristic _____ type calcification.
mulberry
64
Is treatment required for Calcified uterine leiomyomas?
No, unless symptoms are present.
65
Benign ovarian germ cell tumour containing all embryonic elements can cause what growth within the pelvic region? Is surgical care needed?
Teeth, hair and fat; Yes
66
Characteristic “rice-grain” (Knee X-ray) calcifications in muscles are typical of parasitic infection with _____ _____ leading to _____ infection
Taenea Solium (pork tapeworm); Cysticercosis (larval)
67
Heterotopic bone formation aka?
Myositis Ossificans
68
Heterotopic bone formation (Myositis Ossificans)-Typically follows trauma and hematoma formation with subsequent _____.
Ossification | Traumatized then healed with ossification

Radiology (Final) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions