Calcium

Question 1

Hypercalcemia causes

Answer 1

Hyperparathyroidism (90%)
Malignancy
Drug Induced
Renal failure
Dehydration

Question 1

HYPERCALCAEMIA Treatment

Answer 1

Mild-Mod: IV fluids
Severe- Malignant : IV fluids + IV bisphophonates

Question 2

Hypercalcemia symptoms

Answer 2

Fractures/Bone pain
Drowsiness, Fatigue
Hypertension
Renal Impairment

Question 3

HYPOcalcemia causes

Answer 3

Diet
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Vitamin D deficiency
Renal failure
Post IV bisphosphonate treatment

Question 4

HYPOcalcemia Treatment

Answer 4

Mild/Mod: Oral calcium (+Vit D)
Severe: Calcium Gluconate 10% Injection

Question 5

HYPOcalcemia symptoms

Answer 5

Mild/Mod: Muscle cramps, cardiac disturbances, irritability, confusion, seizures

Question 6

Oral calcium counselling

Answer 6

Can reduce absorption of meds (tetracylines, iron, bisphosphonates - leave 3 hr gap)

Question 7

Calcium gluconate counselling

Answer 7

Monitor ECG as rapid Administration can cause cardiac arrest

Calcium enhances digoxin toxicity