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Pharm exam 4 > Call Wall/Membrane Targets > Flashcards

Call Wall/Membrane Targets Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

what classes of drugs target cell wall/membranes

A

Penicillins

Beta lactamase inhibitiors

cephalosporins

monobactam (Aztreonam)

glycopeptides (vancomysin)

polypeptides (Bacitracin)

carbapenems

phophoenolpyruvate (fosfomycin)

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2
Q

what type agents are target the cell membrane

A

Lipopeptides (daptomycin)

Detergents (polymxinB)

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3
Q

___ antibiotics bind selectively to different PBPs and this contributes to sensitivity of bacterial strains to individual penicillins andchephalosporin antibacterials

A

B-lactam

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4
Q

Peptidoglycan is maintained by the enzymes that create the bonds between ____ peptidoglycan monomers and between ____ chains in the layer

A

NAM-NAG

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5
Q

what compounds do beta lactams include

A

penicillins

cephalosporins

monobactams

carbapenems

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6
Q

are beta lactam compounds bacteristatic or bactericidal

A

bactercidal

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7
Q

what are the natural and synthetic penicillin compounds?

A

natural: Penicillin G and V
synthetic: amoxicillin

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8
Q

What penicillins are beta-lactamase resistant

narrow or very narrow spctrum?

A

methicillin

nafcilin

oxacilin

*very narrow

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9
Q

Do natural or synthetic agents have a broader spectrum of activity

A

synthetic

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10
Q

MOA of penicillin compounds

A

bind and inhibit PBP enzymes

PBPs play important wall in synthesis and maintenance of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans

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11
Q

Key adverse effects of penicillins

A

hypersensitivity

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12
Q

do penicllins treat gram negative or positive

A

+

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13
Q

Penicllin G or V: which one is given orally and which is given parenterally?

A

G = parenteral

V = oral

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14
Q

Pencillin G and V: narrow or very narrow or broad spectrum?

A

narrow

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15
Q

what are the broad spectrum penicillins

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

Ticarcilin

Peperacilin

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16
Q

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

Ticarcilin

Peperacilin

narrow or very narrow or broad spectrum?

A

broad spectrum

gram + and -

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17
Q

what broad spectrum penicillins should be combined with beta lactamase inhibitor

A

Ticarcillin

Piperacillin

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18
Q

which penicillin penetrates CSF of inflamed meninges of newborns

A

Ampicillin

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19
Q

B-lactamase inhibitor that can be used in combo with penicllin antibiotics

A

Clavulanic acid

e..g Amocillin and clavulanic acid = augmentin

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20
Q

what compound is used frequently if penicillins are not well tolerated

A

cephalosporin

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21
Q

Cephalosporins are more resistant to ____ compared to pencillins

Study These Flashcards
A

beta-lactamase

22
Q

MOA of cephalosporins

Study These Flashcards
A

bind to and inhibit PBPs (penicillin binding protein)

23
Q

key adverse effect of cephalosporins

Study These Flashcards
A

hypersensitivity

24
Q

cefazolin and cephalexin:

  1. generation?
  2. gram - or +?
  3. beta lactamase sensitivity?
  4. CSF penetration?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. first generation
  2. +
  3. sensitive
  4. No
25
Cefotetan, cefaclor, cefuroxime: 1. generation? 2. gram - or +? 3. beta lactamase sensitivity? 4. CSF penetration?
1. 2nd generation 2. + and some - 3. less sensitivity then 1st generation 4. Cefuroxime (parenteral) only
26
Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefdinir, cefixime (tri fixing dinner taxes) 1. generation? 2. gram - or +? 3. beta lactamase sensitivity? 4. CSF penetration?
1. 3rd generation 2. both 3. increased resistance 4. Ceftrixone and cefotaxime
27
Cefepime 1. generation? 2. gram - or +? 3. beta lactamase sensitivity? 4. CSF penetration?
1. 4th generation 2. both 3. greatest resistance 4. penetrates CSF
28
1. Name a monobactam compound. 2. gram + or gram - 3. important features? 4. beta-lactamase sensitivity?
1. Aztreonam 2. gram - 3. **penetrates CSF (for serious infections)*** 4. resistant
29
MOA of monobactam (Aztreonam)
inhibit PBPs
30
key adverse effect of monobactams (Aztreoname)
hypersensitivity (less than penicillin and cephalosporin)
31
which cell wall synthesis inhibitor/beta lactam antibiotics has the broadest spectrum of activity and are the most potent
Carbapenems (doripenem, imipenem**, ertapenem, meropenem)
32
what carbapenem is inactivated in the kidney? what is it administered with to prevent inactivation?
Imipenem cilastatin
33
Carbapenems key pharmacological effect is related to the ability of these agents to do what?
penetrate tissues and fluids very well - important for empriical tx of life threatening infections
34
Key adverse effects of carbapenems?
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
35
what cell wall synthesis inhibitor is used to treat MRSA and C. diff
Vancomycin (glycopeptide)
36
due to resistance development _1_ use of vancomycin is limited to C. diff tx. Slow _2_ is primary delivery route.
1. oral | 2. IV infusion
37
MOA of vancomycin
Binds to D-ala-D-ala pentapeptide and acts as a steric inhibitor -- prevents elongation of peptidoglycan cell wall structure
38
Key adverse effects of vancomysin (glycopeptide antibiotic)
flushing (red neck or "red man syndrome")
39
can vancomycin be used to treat meningitis?
Yes - penetrates CNS only when inflamed
40
what type of bacteria does vancomycin target
gram +
41
Bacitracin: Targets gram _1_ bacteria Its use is restricted to __2_
1. + | 2. topical and opthalmic ointments
42
MOA of bacitracin
blocks incorporation of AA and nucleid acids into cell wall
43
Fosfomycin (phosphoenolpyruvate): 1. commonly used in treating what? 2. MOA
1. uncomplicated UTI in females; safe in pregnancy | 2. blocks early step in cell wall synthesis by preventing synthesis of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid
44
Daptomycin (targets CM) is useful in treating what?
gram +, including MRSA (like vancomycin)
45
MOA of daptomycin
binds to membrane and causes depolarization of membrane - bactericidal insertion into membrane is Ca2+ dependent
46
key adverse effects of daptomycin
musculoskeletal system: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
47
___ is a detergent (CM target) that is often used **topically** to tx skin infections in combo with bacitracin
Polymyxin B
48
what bacteria does polymyxin B target
gram -
49
MOA of polymyxin B (detergent)
bidns to phospholipids in cell membrane and disrupts structure, specifically LPS
50
if someone has a penicillin allergy what drug may be used instead
Aztreonam (monobactam)
51
what drug is repelled by organism acquiring a + charge
daptomycin

Pharm exam 4 (15 decks)

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