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Pharm exam 4 > Agents Targeting Cellular Machinery > Flashcards

Agents Targeting Cellular Machinery Flashcards

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1
Q

what drugs are aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin

Gentamicin

Kanamycin

Neomycin

Streptomycin

Tobramycin

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2
Q

what drug type is azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

A

Macrolides

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3
Q

what types of drugs are protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Tetracyclines

Aminoglycosides

Macrolides

Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Linezolid

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4
Q

what groups of drugs target DNA

A

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

Fluoquinolones

Metronidazole

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5
Q

what group is “-floxacin”?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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6
Q

what drugs are protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Aminoglycosides

Macrolides

Tetracycline

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7
Q

Do protein synthesis inhibitors exert a bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal effect?

A

Bacrteriostatic, some can be bactericidal

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8
Q

HOW do protein synthesis inhibitors work?

A

disrupt process of translation by targeting the molecular machinery needed to translate mRNA to protein

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9
Q

Name aminoglycosides (protein synthesis inhibitors)

A

streptomycin

gentamicin

kanamycin

amikacin

tobramycin

neomycin

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides are considered to have a 1 spectrum of activity resulting in a 2 (bacteriostatic/-cidal) effect

A
  1. broad

2. bactericidal

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11
Q

what organisms to aminoglycosides work against

A

aerobic organisms (uptake is oxygen dependent)

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides are 1 inhibitors. They are used in combo with 2 to treat serious gram 3 infections (penumonia, UTI) and are not absorbed will from the 4

A
  1. protein synthesis
  2. beta-lactams
  4. gut
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13
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

binds to 30S and blocks formation of initiation complex

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14
Q

Key adverse effects of aminoglycosides

A

nephrotoxicity

ototoxicity

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15
Q

Macrolides mainly target gram + but some gram -. But overall narrow in spectrum. list the drugs in order from broadest to lowest spectrum

A

Azithromycin>Clarithromycin>Erythromycin

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16
Q

which macrolide has a long 1/2 life

A

Azithromyucin

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17
Q

where does azithromycin concentrate

A

Lungs
Tonsils
Cerivx

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18
Q

Key adverse effects of macrolides

A

GI issues

CV: prolong QT interval

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19
Q

drugs that are tetracyclines

A

tetracycline

minocycline

tigecycline

doxycycline

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20
Q

MOA of macrolides

A

Impairs translocation - blocking elongation or growing

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21
Q

MOA of tetracyclines

A

Binds to 30S subunit of ribosomes and prevents binding of tRNA

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22
Q

Tetracyclines are a 1 spectrum antibiotic that exerts a 2 effect

A
  1. broad

2. bacteriostatic

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23
Q

Key adverse effects of tetracyclines

A

Nutrient interactions: bind calcium which disrupts in growth of calcified tissue (bone, teeth) particularly during growth, discoloration of teeth

Ecological effect: disrupt normal flora

photosensitivity

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24
Q

whcih tetracyclines absorption is not affected by food

25
which tetracycline undergoes urine excretion, so kidney function must be considered
tetracycline minocycline tigecycline
26
which tetracycline undergoes liver excretion, so hepatic function must be considered
doxycycline
27
what is clindamycins spectrum of activity? what is it used for
relatively narrow soft tissue infections caused b streptococci and staphylococci community acquired MRSA of skin and soft tissue
28
MOA of clindamycin
prevents formation of initiation complex
29
key adverse effects of clindamycin
GI C. diff infection**
30
Chloramphenicol is a _1_ spectrum antibiotic that exerts a _2_ effect Rarely used except for serious infections such as _3_ and _4_. Can also be used to treat _5_ infections
1. broad 2. bacteriostatic 3. typhus 4. rocky mountain spotted fever 5. eye
31
MOA of chloramphenicol
prevents transpeptidation or peptidyl bond formation
32
key adverse effects of chloramphenicol
blood: suppression of RBC production Gray baby syndrome: infants lack glucuronic acid conjugation
33
Linezolid is effective against most gram _1_ organisms.
positive
34
because of its unique mechanism which protein synthesis inhibitor is effect against penicillin, methicillin, and vancomycin resistant organisms
Linezolid
35
MOA of linezolid
inhibits formation of the ribosomal-fMet-tRNA complex
36
Key adverse effect of linezolid
myelosuppression
37
what protein synthesis inhibitor is good for hospital acquired MRSA and resistance strains
Linezolid
38
what protein synthesis inhibitor has 100% bioavailability
Linezolid
39
Sulfonamides are _1_ agents that are _2_ spectrum.
1. antifolate | 2. broad
40
MOA of sulfonamides
structural similarity to PABA. Agents compete with PABA for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase and block dihydrofolic acid synthesis and thus DNA synthesis
41
key adverse effects of sulfonamides
photosensitivity
42
what drug classes are folate synthesis inhibitors
sulfonamides trimethroprim (and pyrimethamine)
43
Trimethorpim and pyrimethamine spectrum of activity includes _1_ bacteria. Used commonly to treat _2_
1. gram - | 2. UTI
44
MOA of trimethoprim and pyrimethamine
inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase resuling in impaired DNA synthesis
45
key SE of trimethoprim and pyrimethamine
blood: bone marrow suppression, megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
46
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a _1_ agent that is commonly used to treat _2_ and _3_. MOA includes _4_ activity when combining the 2 drugs
1. antifolate 2. UTI 3. prostatitis 4. synergistic
47
what drug is a DNA gyrase inhibitor
fluoroquinolones
48
Fluorquinolones are _1_ spectrum antibiotics that work against gram _2_ bacteria
1. broad | 2. + and -
49
MOA of fluoroquinolones
dirsupt the winding of DNA and separation of DNA strands during transcription and replication inhibit topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and IV
50
key SE of fluorquinolones
GI drug-nutrient interaction: bind divalent cations and prevent absorption Cardio: QT elongation
51
least active florquinolone
norflaxacin
52
fluorquinolones that work well againsts gram - and some activity against +
group 2 - ciprofloxacin - levofloxacin - ofloxacin
53
fluoroquinolones that have best activity against gram +
group 3 - gatifloxacin - gemifloxacin - moxifloxacin
54
what type of drug is DNA damaging agents
Metronidazole
55
Metronidazole is also effective against _1_. Its spectrum of activity is limited to _2_ bacteria. It is used in tx of _3_
1. protozoa 2. anaerobic 3. c. diff
56
MOA of metronidazole
Prodrug - rxn metabolites bind to DNA and disrupt function causing damage
57
key adverse effects of metronidazole
GI metabolism: disulfiram-effect (avoid alcohol)
58
what does ciprofloxacin treat
UTI abdominal respiratory skin soft tissue anthrax

Pharm exam 4 (15 decks)

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