Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VETM 531: Small Ruminant > Camelids > Flashcards

Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

wot dis

A

llama

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

wot dis

A

alpaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

wot dis

A

huacaya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

wot dis

A

suri alpaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

wot dis

A

guanaco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

wot dis

A

vicuna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are camelids adapted for high altitudes

A

higher affinity for oxygen, very efficient ruminators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where can you take blood from or put in an IV in a llama/alpaca?

A

you can either go really high up around C2 level, or really low around C5-6

this is because their transverse processes on their C spine stick out pretty far and hide the jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is special about camelid lips

A

they are oh so muscular hehe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

camelids are not ruminants, they are

A

pseudoruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

camelid stomachs have how many compartments

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are each of the 3 stomach compartments equivalent to in the cow?

A

C1: the rumen
C2: omasum
C3: absomasum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

do stones in the saccules in comparment 1 cause any problems?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what makes camelids such efficinecy ruminators

A

they have more frequent mixing, greater buffering capacity, efficinet VFA absorption, and longer retention time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

camelids are ______ ovulators

A

induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

camelids hav a ____ placentas

A

diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

significant things to remember about repro in camelids

A

gestation in the left horn, give birth during the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

camelids kick laterally like

A

cows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are signs of a comfy llama vs concerned vs upset llams?

A

comfy: ears erect and slightly forward

concerned: ears point to back of the head

upset: ears flat against head and nose up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do you deal with a spitter?

A

put a sock over their nose and thell spit all over themselves and stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is bezerk male syndrome

A

when they work too much with humans and they think they’re one of you and they will fight you. castration does not fix this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do you take out fighting teeth

A

with giggly wire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

malocclusion usually affects the

A

incisors

remember its only a problem if they can’t eat or have actual clinical issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what’s the most common types of jaw masses and how do you treat them?

A

tooth root abscesses most commonly: treat with enrofloxacin or surgery

osteomyelitis (lumpy jaw)
fractures
cysts
tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

megaesophagus us camelids is realted to

A

trauma, choke, organophosphate poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

a llama named Tootie presents with vomiting, regurg, dysphagia, fetid breath, chronic weight loss. based on top dx how will you diagnose and treat?

A

megaesophagus

rads/barium study

tx: feeding complete feed or euthanasia

27
Q

llama presenting for anorexia, depressed contractions in C1–>instead of the normal 3-4x a min, there is only 1 per min. what is this and what is the treatment?

A

first compartment “flora” problems

tx: transfaunation, 2-4x

28
Q

camelids can get grain overload just like cows can. how do they present and how is it diagnosed? treatment?

A

acute depression, gastric atony, fluid distention, stumbling gait

dx: C1 fluid will be acidic, metabolic acidosis

tx: correct dehydration, correct acidosis, antibiotics and thiamine

29
Q

third compartment ulcers are often secondary to

A

other problems

30
Q

what are the clinical signs of third compartment ulcers and what causes them?

A

C/S: colic, depression/anorexia, bruxism, less poopies

cause: maybe stress or seasonal, we dont know

treatment: omeprazole IV, not oral

31
Q

more than ____% of colic cases are not surgical in camelids

A

50

but its better to be safe! better to go to surgery and find out its medical than to have a patholgist say you couldve done surgery to fix it

32
Q

list some causes of peritonitis in camelids

A

pleuropneumonia, pericarditis, abdominal abscesses, septicemia, C3 ulcers, pancreatitis

33
Q

2 most common clinical signs of peritonitis are

A

depression and anorexia

34
Q

how do you diagnose peritonitis

A

abdominocentesis beech

treat withantibiotics, NSAIDs, nutrition support

35
Q

tell me about the alpaca snots

A

animals returning from shows would get outbreaks of nasal discharge, fever, cough, and then recovery. suspect to be adenovirus, PI3, or coronavirus.

some can die from pneumonia

necropsy: pleural effusion and consolidation

36
Q

signs of resp dosease are not obvious in camelids. suspect it if:

A

unexplained fever, anorexia, tachypnea

37
Q

pneumonia in camelids is caused by

A

streptococcus zooepidemicus

38
Q

how to treat strep zoo pneumonia

A

ceftiofur or ampicillin

39
Q

tell me about mycoplasma haemolamae

A

it is a bacteria with no cell wall that sits on the surface of RBCs

causes subclinical infection or fever, potentially icterus and anemia

often associated with stress/transport or concurrent disease

can see it on a blood smear (not always, transient bacteremia)

treat with doxycycline

40
Q

tell me about parelaphostrongylosis

A

a worm in deer where llams are aberrant hosts and it gets into the nervous system

C/S: hypermetria, ataxia, stiffness, paresis, head tilt, circling, blindness

treat w fenbendazole or overmectin

give anti inflam like phenylbutazone, flunixin, dexamethasone, etc

41
Q

signs of west nile virus in camelids

A

lip twitching, facial tremors, head shaking, ataxia, paresis, fever, colic like signs

leukocytosis, macrophages in CSF

dx via RT PCR

poor prognosis

42
Q

how to prevent west nile in camelids

A

vaccination: use horse one, give more frequently

try to eliminate mosquitos

43
Q

is heat stress/heat stroke a joke?

A

no

44
Q

when are camelids most at risk for heat stress?

predisposing factors?

A

at shows, during hot weather, during transport long distances

predisppsing factors: exercise, working during hot day, obesity, poorly groomed coat

45
Q

a llama presents with drooling of the lower lip and some perianal swelling/edema. the llama is also depressed and anorexic. top dx and tx?

A

heat stroke

tx: water hose, shade, pond/pool, fans, alcohol rubs, ice water enemas, oral or IV fluids

46
Q

how to prevent heat stroke/stress?

A

enough shade, fresh water, shearing/clipping often, well ventilated barn, misters or sprinklers

dont breed them during hot days, avoid obese animals, dont transport during hot days, feed good quality roughage

47
Q

what is this? tell me about it

A

idiopathic hyperkeratosis

affects hairless parts of the body, NOT itchy, thought to be caused by zinc deficinecy or inflammatory disease but often responds to zinc supplements

48
Q

what are these guys

A

left is haucaya, right is suri

49
Q

death rate of crias should be _______

A

less than 5%

50
Q

how is llama milk different

A

it is quite low in fat compared to other animals like cows or sheep

51
Q

what are some alternatives to llama milk for ze bebes?

A

cow or goat colostrum, bottle is ideal but can do tube feeding too, make sure RID is above 800 (ideally 1000 mg/dl)

52
Q

causes of failure of passive transfer in camelids and treatment?

A

poor quality or quantity of colsotrum, inability to nurse, colostrum not absorbing

tx: plasma tranfusion

53
Q

signs of prematurity/dysmaturity in newborn camelids

A

weakness, low birth weight, unerupted incisors, hyperextension of fetlock, really silkly wool, floppy ears

54
Q

list etiologies and risk factors for neonatal sepsis in newborn camelids

A

E coli, pseudomonas, strep, listeria

risk factors: failure passive transfer of immunity, weak babies

55
Q
A
56
Q

C/S of sepsis in newborn camelid

A

weakness, lethargy, fever OR hypthermia, failure to nurse, injected mucus membranes, enlarged joints, hypopyon, seizures, dyspnea, enlarged/infected umbillicus

57
Q

how to treat neonatal sepsis in baby camelids

A

antibiotics: ceftiofur and gentamycin
fluids
nutritional support
plasma
anti inflammatory drugs

58
Q

tell me about eimeria macusaniensis in crias

A

considered pathogenic, causes weakness and wasting, causes diarrhea in adults, long PPP of 32-43 days

treat with decoquinate, ponazuril, toltrazuril

59
Q

behold

A

this is how you diagnose this protozoan

60
Q

how to identify choanal atresia?

A

if their cheeks are moving in and out it means they can’t breathe

has to be diagnosed officially on contrast rads

both the sire and the dam are carriers so STOP breeding parents

61
Q

you go see a juvenile alpaca with a dark coat, he isnt growing very fast and doesnt seem to want to move. when he walks you see a shifting leg lameness and some swollen joints. top dx?

A

hypophosphatemic rickets: thought to be from P deficiency, not enough vitamin D ingestion maybe too

treatment AND prevention: give vitamin D

62
Q

BVD presents in camelids as

A

abortions, sometimed diarrhea

PI animals: poor weight gain, diarrhea, gets sick more often, or competely normal!

63
Q

clinical signs and labwork findings of immunodefiicnecy syndrome

A

C/S: weight loss, normal TPR, recurring infections

lab findings: anemia, M. haemolamae, hypoalbuminemia

VETM 531: Small Ruminant (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions