Nutrition (Tait)

Question 1

who likes softer feed, sheep or goats?

Answer 1

goats because their palate is softer. sheep like soft too but can handle slightly harder

Question 2

sheep are mainly ____ and goats are mainly ____

Answer 2

grazers, browsers

Question 3

how does pregnancy impact nutrition?

Answer 3

pregnant animals have to eat small amounts all the time because the baby takes up so much space, the rumen cant fill as much

Question 4

concentrates are usually provided ____ times daily

Answer 4

2

Question 5

dry ewes/does can eat ___% of body weight and lambs and kids can eat ____% of body weight

Answer 5

3-5%

5-10%

Question 6

why is it a bad idea to give course feed to sheep/goats?

Answer 6

they will sort out all the soft stuff because poky stuff hurts their mouths

Question 7

protein levels in the diet are usually

Answer 7

12-18%, depending

Question 8

proper way to test feed and water?

Answer 8

feed: probe sampling, 15-20 samples from the core from a bunch of bales from the same field

water: test for minerals

Question 9

how are minerals provided in the diet?

Answer 9

TMR rations (premixed into the feed), complete supplement pellets (same as TMR just in pellet form), loose mineral (tastes bad), mineral licks or tubs, mineral blocks, injectable (dont do it), bolueses (not in canada)

Question 10

what is the gold standard for mineral testing in a flock?

Answer 10

liver samples: animal needs to be on the ration for 30 days to get accurate results. Can use fetal liver and this reflects momma’s levels. Liver can be FROZEN

Question 11

mineral intake is required year round and is dependent on _____

Answer 11

levels in soil and the plants in that soil

Question 12

what is important to remember about vitamin supplements?

Answer 12

vitamins in forages and supplements deteriorate over time so dont buy them in bulk!

Question 13

what is different about the vitamin requirements comparing grazing animals to non grazing animals?

Answer 13

grazing animals usually dont need vitamin A and D suppelements because they eat enough of it from grazing, but animals not on pasture or over the winter should get A and D added in, but remember these supplements will deteriorate over time–>dont buy in bulk!

Question 14

what is essential to remember about calcium and phosphorus?

Answer 14

the ratio is more important than the actual amounts! ideal is 2:1 ratio but can go up to 4:1.

Question 15

____ can be prevented or minimized by correct Ca:P management

Answer 15

urinary calculi

Question 16

why do prolific ewes need more calcium

Answer 16

they growin more fetuses!!! need them bones to grow!!

Question 17

____ppm is the max amount of selenium without a feed script and is usually adequate enough for sheep and goats

Answer 17

30

Question 18

true or false: white muscle disease is rare in SR

Answer 18

depends: when correct minerals are fed consistently it is rare

Question 19

what is one problem with selenium and vitamin E toxicity in regards to clinical signs

Answer 19

the same clinical signs for toxicity and deficinecy so more is not always better

Question 20

why is vitamin E so important?

Answer 20

it impacts fertility, libido, and neonatal vigor

Question 21

why should injectable mineral/vitamin products be avoided? what are the limitations of using a product like Dystosel?

Answer 21

good nutrition and good management is much better and way more effective than the injectables

the products can have very low levels of vitamin E which is fine for babies but not good enough for adults. It also requires selenium and vitamin E levels to be balanced in order to work. They can also cause irriration and lameness from the IM injections

Question 22

should you use a copper supplement in sheep and goats? why or why not?

Answer 22

usually with sheep, there is enough copper in the concentrates, but we are seeing more deficinecy now compared to years ago because everyone is so afraid of copper toxicity. In this case, copper boluses can be added to the ration but dont use goat bolus for sheep, sheep are much more sensitive remember

Question 23

extensive use of _____ can result in copper toxicity in sheep

Answer 23

pig manure as fertilizer

Question 24

very high levels of _____ can interfere with copper absorption

Answer 24

zinc (often used as immune support)

Question 25

iodine deficinecy results in _____

Answer 25

congenital goiter (rare if iodized salt is offered, which is often is)

Question 26

a total dietary concentration exceeding ________ of total ergot alkaloids cause adverse effects

Answer 26

100-200ppb

Question 27

what level of ergot alkaloids are acceptble for a breeding flock and how can you test your feed for ergot toxicity?

Answer 27

there is NO level that is safe for breeding stock

send to PDS and WCVM