Cancer

Question 1

Cancer

Answer 1

diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues & can spread through the bloodstream & lymphatic system to other parts of the body. (National Cancer Institute)

Question 2

Loss of hair

can result from disease &/ or treatments.

Answer 2

Alopecia

Question 3

Loss of appetite.

Answer 3

Anorexia

Question 4

Antiemetic

Answer 4

medicine that prevents or controls vomiting or nausea

Question 5

The cutting out of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination;

only way to definiatively dx cancer

Answer 5

Biopsy

Question 6

small cancer that has not spread and is located on the surface of a tissue.

Answer 6

Cancer In Situ

Question 7

originates in the skin or membranes lining the interior of hollow organs, such as the lungs, intestines, uterus, breasts, etc.

Answer 7

Carcinoma

Question 8

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 8

Cancer of glandular cells of the body

Question 9

• 3000 BC

Answer 9

Ancient Egypt prescribed pills & pigs ears for cancer

Question 10

Hippocrates

Answer 10

first to clarify neoplasms; 500 BC

Question 11

Galen

Answer 11

described cancer as ‘crab-like’; 500 BC

Question 12

most common type of skin cancer

Answer 12

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Question 13

originating in the lungs or bronchi

Answer 13

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Question 14

Cancer of the cervix or neck of the uterus

Answer 14

Cervical Carcinoma

Question 15

Endometrial Carcinoma

Answer 15

Cancer of the lining of the uterus

Question 16

type of bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer 16

Large Cell Carcinoma

Question 17

Incidence

Answer 17

of newly diagnosed cases of cancer observed within given population within specified time frame. (new cases)

Question 18

Morbidity

Answer 18

total number of cases of a specific disease (cancer) in a specified period of time (usually one year) per unit of population alive.

(illness rate)

Question 19

Mortality

Answer 19

total # of deaths from specific disease (cancer).

death rate

Question 20

Oat Cell/ Small Cell Carcinoma

Answer 20

Another type of bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 21

Cancer arising from the skin or the surfaces of other structures, such as the mouth, uterus, or bronchi.

Answer 21

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 22

Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Answer 22

Chemotherapy used in conjunction with surgery, radiation therapy or both to destroy cancer cells that may be otherwise unaffected.

Question 23

Combination Chemotherapy

Answer 23

Simultaneous use of several drugs to tx cancer

Question 24

Cytology

Answer 24

studie of cells (under microscope)

Pap smear

Question 25

Guaiac Test

Answer 25

chemical test to detect blood in the stool | used to screen for possible cancer of the colon or rectum.

Question 26

Environmental carcinogens | 3 types

Answer 26

Chemical, Physical, Viral | carcinogenesis

Question 27

Oncogenesis

Answer 27

process by which neoplasms are produced: new growths

Question 28

Hyperplasia

Answer 28

abnormal increase in number of cells ® increased tissue mass; not cancerous

Question 29

Metaplasia

Answer 29

benign change of adult cells from one type to another reversible

Question 30

Dysplasia

Answer 30

benign change of cells resulting from chronic irritation - may reverse or progress to cancer

Question 31

malignant, irreversible change of cells which regress to more primitive level (fetal)

Answer 31

Anaplasia

Question 32

cells with recognizable specialized structures and functions (well vs. poorly differentiated)

Answer 32

Differentiated

Question 33

Undifferentiated

Answer 33

lost their capacity for specialized functions

Question 34

Carcinogenesis

Answer 34

carcinogen causes the cell to mutate, mutated cell produces neoplastic cells with an accelerated growth pattern; normal cell undergoes malignant transformation.

Question 35

G0

Answer 35

Resting Phase – perform all cell functions except proliferation ***Cancer cells cannot remain in G0 so they replicate continuously***

Question 36

G1

Answer 36

RNA & protein synthesis

Question 37

S

Answer 37

DNA synthesis

Question 38

G2

Answer 38

Additional RNA & DNA synthesis

Question 39

M

Answer 39

Mitosis – cell division

Question 40

Why classify cancer

Answer 40

* Form of communication * effectiveness/ type of tx (evaluation tool) * disease progression * --> statistical information

Question 41

Stage 0

Answer 41

cancer in situ

Question 42

Stage I

Answer 42

localized

Question 43

Stage II

Answer 43

limited local spread

Question 44

Stage III

Answer 44

– regional spread -Breast cancer in lymph; near by local structure; right breast to left to breast

Question 45

Stage IV

Answer 45

metastasis

Question 46

TNM Classification

Answer 46

Most Common T= Tumor Size N= Lymph nodes involved M= Metastasis Higher the number the worse the prognosis

Question 47

Causes Bone Marrow Suppression

Answer 47

– Cancer – Chemotherapy – Radiation – Combination