Cancer

Question 1

Oncogenes

Answer 1

Mutated version of proto-oncogenes (normal genes)
-Gain-of-function mutation
-Act in dominant manner

Question 2

Ras gene

Answer 2

switch protein that is turned on by GF’s then turns itself off

Question 3

What mutation type causes a Ras mutation

Answer 3

Single Missense

Question 4

Ras mutation

Answer 4

Ras stays on even without growth factors around, constantly signaling division
30% of tumors have

Question 5

Tumor Suppressor genes

Answer 5

loss-of-function acting in a recessive manner

Question 6

P53 gene

Answer 6

in nucleus and regulates apoptosis and is a transcription factor

Question 7

Mdm2 protein

Answer 7

Normally bound to p53 to export it from nucleus to cytoplasm for destruction

Question 8

What does p53 do when damaged DNA is detected

Answer 8

P53 moves into nucleus to turn on genes that
-causes cell cycle arrest
- encodes DNA repair enzymes
- induces apoptosis if necessary

Question 9

Mutated p53

Answer 9

DNA damage checkpoints lost so cells divide with the damaged DNA