Mutations

Question 1

A mutation that causes a change in a single base pair

Answer 1

Point mutation

Question 2

A mutation that causes an addition or deletion of one or two base pairs in a gene

Answer 2

Frameshift mutation

Question 3

A mutation that changes a codon from encoding one amino acid to encoding a different amino acid

Answer 3

Missense mutation

Question 4

A mutation that changes a codon from one that encodes an amino acid to one that signals chain termination

Answer 4

Nonsense mutation

Question 5

abnormality that does not include the centromere

Answer 5

Paracentric

Question 6

Abnormality that includes the centromere

Answer 6

Pericentric

Question 7

What is a mutation

Answer 7

A change in DNA sequence
Not always bad- can increase fitness

Question 8

A mutation that will be passed on to offspring

Answer 8

Germline

Question 9

A mutation that is not passed onto offspring

Answer 9

Somatic

Question 10

Does not change the type
purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine
(C <-> T), (G <-> A)

Answer 10

Transition

Question 11

Changes the type
Purine <-> Pyrimidine
(C or T → G or A), (G or A → C or T)

Answer 11

Transversion

Question 12

Created by slippage during DNA replication cause strand to slip back and pair with itself

Answer 12

Triplet Expansion

Question 13

Mutations arise randomly without regard to their ‘need’, they are pre-existing

Answer 13

Conclusion of Luria-Delbruck Fluctuation Test

Question 14

Luria-Delbruck Fluctuation Test: every flask should have about the same number of resistant bacteria

Answer 14

If selective pressure induces mutations then

Question 15

A fluctuating number of resistant bacteria from flask to flask

Answer 15

If mutations are random then

Question 16

Spontaneous shifts to rare chemical structures leading to insertion of wrong base across after DNA replication

Answer 16

Tautomers

Question 17

Water leading to a missing base

Answer 17

Depurination

Question 18

This of cytosine creates uracil in DNA

Answer 18

Deamination

Question 19

Chemicals that resemble normal bases and can become incorporated into DNA

Answer 19

Base analogs

Question 20

Chemicals that alter the structure of bases, changing their base-pairing properties

Answer 20

Base modifying agents

Question 21

Chemicals that insert between bases in DNA

Answer 21

Intercalating agents

Question 22

his- to his+ reversion

Answer 22

Ames Test detection of a mutagenic chemical looks for

Question 23

Radiation and UV light

Answer 23

Non-chemical mutagens

Question 24

Ultraviolet light can form these from the energy in a photon causing covalent bonds to form between adjacent T bases

Answer 24

Thymine dimer