Cancer And Tumours Benign And Malignant Tumours Flashcards
What is cancer?
What are the two type of classification of Cancer?
Cancer is the result of mutations in genes that regulate mitosis.
The two type of classification is Benign and/or Malignant
What is Benign Tumours?
What is Malignant Tumours?
Benign tumours can grow very large but at slow rate.
Malignant tumours grow larger rapidly and cancerous
Are Benign Tumours cancerous?
Explain
Non cancerous because produce Adhesion molecules sticking them together to a particular tissue/location
How are Benign tumours removed?
Benign tumours often surrounded by capsule so remain compact and can be removed by surgery.
Why are Benign Tumours not life-threatening?
Impact is localised often non-life threatening so unlikely to occur again
Why is Malignant tumours growing large dangerous?
Cell nucleus becomes large and cell becomes unspecialised again
How are Malignant Tumours molecules produced?
What is the impact?
Produce Metastasis molecules so tumours breaks off and spread to other parts of the body so not the capsule.
How do Malignant tumours grow?
What is the impact?
Malignant tumours are not encapsulated instead grow projections into surrounding tissues and develop own blood supply.
Blood supply allows it to get lots of oxygen and glucose so cells divide rapidly.
Can be life threatening and recurrence likely
How do tumours develop?
[HINT4]
Development of tumour is due to gene mutation in either in
Tumour suppressor gene or/and
Oncogenes
The abnormal methylation of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes
Increased oestrogen concentration
What is oncogenes?
Oncogenes is mutated version of proto-oncogenes
What are proto-oncogene involved in?
Proto-oncogenes are involved in cell division part of the initiation of DNA replication (interphase)
What are Oncogenes?
What can they result in?
Oncogenes are mutations in Proto-oncogenes
Oncogenes can result in being permanently activated to make cells divide continually.
What do Tumour suppressor genes produce?
Tumour suppressor genes produces proteins to slow cell division and causes cell death if DNA copying errors are detected.
What can happen in mutation happen in Tumour Suppressor Gene?
If mutations occurs in Tumour Suppressor gene then wont produce protein to slow cell division and cause cell death if DNA copying errors are detected.
So cell division could continue and mutated cells would not be identified and destroyed [could cause breast cancer]
What is abnormal methylation in tumours suppress genes?
What is the effect?
Links to control of Transcription-methylation can cause gene to turn on or off.
Tumour suppressor gene become HyperMethylated -increase number of methyl groups attached to it-
Gene being inactivated and turned off
