Cancer Chemotherapy

Question 1

What is cancer

Answer 1

group of more than 100 diseases that develop across time

Question 2

Where can cancer develop

Answer 2

any body tissues
-categorized by organ origin or original cell type

Question 3

What causes cancer development

Answer 3

-hereditary and environmental factors
-uncontrolled/rapid cell growth
-invasion to surrounding tissues

Question 4

Metastasis

Answer 4

cancer spreading to other tissues or organs through the blood or lymphatic system

Question 5

Benign Tumors

Answer 5

1. Grow slow and distinct borders
2. Don’t invade surrounding tissues
3. Don’t invade other parts of the body
4. non-invasive/non-metastatic/non-cancerous

Question 6

Malignant Tumors

Answer 6

1. Grow quickly and have irregular borders
2. Often invade surrounding tissues
3. Can spread to other body parts through metastasis
4. Cancerous

Question 7

Neoplasm

Answer 7

Mass of new cell, tumor

Question 8

Tumor

Answer 8

group of rapidly dividing cells

Question 9

Primary lesion

Answer 9

original site of growth

Question 10

Metastasis

Answer 10

Secondary lesion, traveled to new remote part of the body

Question 11

What does chemotherapy do

Answer 11

-Kill cancer cells

Question 12

Chemotherapy affects cell division and growth not:

Answer 12

-loss of function
-invasiveness
-metastasis

Question 13

Chemotherapy therapeutic index is

Answer 13

very narrow between toxic and therapeutic effect

Question 14

Drugs working in combination

Answer 14

work better then single drug therapy

Question 15

Cytotoxic drug groups

Answer 15

-Alkylating agents and platinum compounds
-Antimetabolite drugs
-Antitumor antibiotics

Question 16

Alkylating agents and platinum compounds

Answer 16

-Drug forms chemical bond to DNA
-Prevents DNA replication and causes of death

Question 17

Antimetabolite drugs

Answer 17

Prevent synthesis of metabolites required for growth

Question 18

Antitumor antibiotics

Answer 18

distort DNA structure

Question 19

Cancer drugs are harmful to

Answer 19

-all rapidly dividing cells
-cancerous cells

Question 20

Cancer drugs harm which healthy cells

Answer 20

1. Hair follicles
2. GI tract cells
3. Bone marrow cells

Question 21

Adverse effects of cancer drugs

Answer 21

-Severe vomiting and nausea
-Diarrhea and oral ulcers
-Bone marrow suppression
-Dose-limiting adverse effects
-Drug resistance

Question 22

Bone marrow suppression

Answer 22

-Infection risk
-Bleeding risk
-Anemia

Question 23

Dose limiting adverse effects

Answer 23

may prevent drug from being administered in high enough doses to kill cancer

Question 24

Drug resistance can be avoided with

Answer 24

Usage of multiple drug therapies and increase effectiveness

Question 25

Other drugs used in cancer treatment

Answer 25

-Hormones- and hormone antagonists -Biological response to modifiers -Targeted drugs -Surgery -Radiation Therapy -Combination of drugs, surgery, and radiation

Question 26

Biological response modifiers

Answer 26

Immunotherapy

Question 27

Target drugs

Answer 27

Bind to cancer promoting molecules

Question 28

Surgery

Answer 28

Removal of cancer tissues

Question 29

Radiation Therapy

Answer 29

-High energy radiation damages cancer cell DNA = cell death -External radiation beam -Internal radiation implanted near cancer