Candidosis

Question 1

what are the risk factors for developing candidiasis

Answer 1

immuno compromised
immunosuppressive drugs
advanced HIV infection
dialysis
diabetes
trauma patient
long term corticosteroid use

Question 2

what are the 4 types of candia infection

Answer 2

pseudomembranous
erythematous
chronic hyperplastic candida leukoplakia
angular cheilitis

Question 3

what is pseudomembranous candida

Answer 3

thrush
white pronounced plaques on mucosal surface

Question 4

how do you remove pseudomembranous candida

Answer 4

scrape off

Question 5

what is chronic hyperplastic candida leukoplakia

Answer 5

grows into the tissue and more sinister

Question 6

how do you treat chronic hyperplastic candida leukoplakia

Answer 6

it needs to be tested for malignancy so biopsy and then long course of antifungals

Question 7

what is angular cheilitis caused by

Answer 7

candida
can also be staph aureus

Question 8

how is angular cheilitis treated

Answer 8

miconazole

Question 9

what is a common erythematous candida

Answer 9

denture stomatitis

Question 10

how does denture stomatitis occur

Answer 10

candida living in cracks of denture causing inflammation in mucosa as it is not removed from denture surface by cleaning

Question 11

what are the signs and symptoms of denture stomatitis

Answer 11

inflamed mucosa
burning sensation
discomfort
bad taste
patient unaware

Question 12

what are the 2 key candida

Answer 12

candida albicans
candida glabrata

Question 13

what is the problem with candida glabrata

Answer 13

it is not sensitive to the azoles so needs nystatin to treat it

Question 14

what type of candida can get treated by miconazole and fluconazole

Answer 14

candida albicans

Question 15

what is morphogenesis

Answer 15

candida albicans can form hypha which pushes through tight junctions and goes into the blood stream when stressed

Question 16

how does the yeast adhere and infect the mucosa

Answer 16

attaches to denture surface
forms germ tubes in short period
produces extracellular matrix
produces hydrolytic enzymes
facilitates adhesion to tissue

Question 17

what is a hydrolytic enzyme

Answer 17

enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of a substrate through the addition of water

Question 18

how is candida related to oral cancer

Answer 18

acetaldehyde drives DNA damage and it is present in yeast

Question 19

how would you take a sample of pseudomembranous candida

Answer 19

scan put straight onto a slide as you can scrape it off
oral rinse
swab

Question 20

what type of agar is different colours so you can tell which candida you have

Answer 20

chromogenic agar

Question 21

what do azoles do to candida

Answer 21

inhibits ability to be synthesised

Question 22

what is chlorhexidine used as

Answer 22

antiseptic as it is antibacterial and anticandidal

Question 23

how is candida glabrata resistant to azoles

Answer 23

it has azole resistant pumps which pushes the azole back out

Question 24

what is the dual resistance mechanism

Answer 24

candida lives alongside staph aureus which coats itself in candida polymers so candida becomes resistant to miconazole