Canine Parvovirus.

Question 1

What kind are the names of the microorganisms that cause canine parvovirus?

Answer 1

Canine parvovirus-1 CPV-1.

Canine parvovirus-2 CPV-2.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of the canine parvovirus?

Answer 2

Small.

Nonenveloped.

DNA-containing virus.

Question 3

What kind of cell do the CPV viruses require for replication?

Answer 3

Rapidly dividing cells for replication

Question 4

Are the CPV viruses able to withstand environmental insults?

Answer 4

They are very tough and can resist adverse environmental influences

Question 5

Which of the 2 CPV viruses can exist on inanimate objects for around 5 months?

Answer 5

CPV-2.

Question 6

What detergents are able to remove CPV viruses from inanimate objects?

Answer 6

Sodium hypochlorite is the most effective, but detergents and disinfectants cannot inactivate CPVs.

Question 7

How common is CPV in dogs?

Answer 7

Is one of the most common infectious diseases in dogs and it is often fatal.

Question 8

Is the CPV virus contagious?

Answer 8

Yes.

Question 9

What kind of dogs are susceptible to CPV-2 viruses?

Answer 9

It is thought that most, if not all, canines are susceptible

Question 10

What kind of dogs are most likely to be severely affected by the CPV virus?

Answer 10

Young, rapidly growing puppies that harbour intestinal parasites.

Male dogs are more likely to be affected than female dogs.

Question 11

What is usually repsonsible for the spread of the CPV-2 virus?

Answer 11

An exposure to contaminated faeces.

Question 12

What is the incubation period of CPV-2?

Answer 12

7 to 14 days.

Question 13

When do the symptoms of the CPV virus become visible?

Answer 13

Within 5–7 days of infection but can range from 2–14 days.

Question 14

What are the first clinical signs of the CPV virus?

Answer 14

They are usually nonspecific, e.g. lethargy, anorexia, fever.

These nonspecific symptoms progress to vomiting and hemorrhagic small-bowel diarrhea within 24–48 hr.

Question 15

What are common findings from a physical examination of a dog with CPV?

Answer 15

Depression.

Fever.

Dehydration.

Intestinal loops are dilated and fluid filled.

Question 16

What clinical signs are observed in dogs that have been severely affected by CPV?

Answer 16

They may have collapsed.

They have poor capillary refill time.

Poor pulse.

High heart rate.

Hypothermia.

Signs that are consistent with septic shock.

Question 17

What is considered indicative of a CPV-2 infection in dogs?

Answer 17

Sudden onset of foul-smelling, bloody diarrhoea in a young.

Question 18

CPV should be suspected in what kind of dogs if they display clinical signs of CPV?

Answer 18

Dogs that are young, unvaccinated or are incompletely vaccinated.

Question 19

What will most dogs that suffer from CPV develop over the course of the illness?

Answer 19

A moderate to severe leukopenia that is characterised by lymphopenia and neutropenia.

Question 20

What can be used to detect CPV viruses in faeces?

Answer 20

Commercial ELISAs.

Question 21

What procedure should be done to any dog that is suspected of having CPV?

Answer 21

They should be isolated.

Question 22

What are the most important things to consider during treatment of CPV?

Answer 22

The restoration of fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic abnormalities.

Question 23

What is it important to prevent during the treatment of CPV?

Answer 23

A secondary bacterial infection

Question 24

Why are antibiotics used to treat CPV?

Answer 24

To reduce the risk of bacterial translocation across the disrupted intestinal epithelium.

Question 25

What therapy is used in the treatment of CPV if vomitting carries on for a long period of time?

Answer 25

Antiemetic therapy.

Question 26

Why are antidiarrheals not recommended for the treatment of CPV?

Answer 26

Because they lead to the retention of intestinal contents which increases the risk of bacterial translocation.

Question 27

What treatment is used for dogs that have CPV but have stopped vomitting?

Answer 27

Allowing them access to water and to easily digestible food.

Question 28

How can the environmental contamination of CPV be limited?

Answer 28

Patients must be placed in strict isolation.

All surfaces should be cleaned of organic matter and then disinfected.

Question 29

When should dogs be vaccinated with CPV vaccines?

Answer 29

At 6–8, 10–12, and 14–16 weeks.

Followed by a booster 1 year later and then every 3 years.

Question 30

What kind of vaccines are used to vaccinate against CPV?

Answer 30

Inactivated vaccines.

Question 31

What kind of dogs should be allowed to mix with dogs that have CPV?

Answer 31

Only fully vaccinated puppies.