Introduction to Animal Nutrition. Flashcards
How long ago were animals first domesticated?
Between 6000 to 10 000 yrs ago.
Why were animals domesticated by humans?
They were used for hunting.
They were used to create clothes.
They were used for food.
Did early man ever waste any material from an animal carcass?
No.
How are the affluence of a population and the consumption of animal protein related?
As the affluence of a population increase’s, the consumption of protein also increases.
How much food is wasted by modern man?
Around 1/3.
What percentage of people are hungry?
1 in 7.
How does the overconsumption of food affect the human body?
It leads to obesity.
What are the negative health effects that are related to obesity?
Heart disease.
Diabetes.
Cancer.
What kind of lifestyle was early man said to have lived?
A hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
What are the major characteristics of a hunter-gatherer lifestyle?
Lots of fasting due to a low meal frequency.
Lots of exercise due to catching their own food.
What kind of foods were eaten in a hunter-gatherer diet?
Many different foods such as meat, fish and different fruits and vegetables.
What kind of lifestyle is modern man said to lead?
A sedentary lifestyle.
What are the characteristics of a sedentary lifestyle?
Physical inactivity.
High meal frequency.
High intake of calories.
What are 4 concerns that are related to the production of food?
Food must be provided.
Food security.
Food safety.
Food sovereignty.
Which country has the highest milk production?
The USA.
How many cows does the average dairy have?
100 milking cows.
30 dry cows.
30 heifers.
25 calves.
Which country is the largest exporter of cattle?
India or the USA.
How have beef cattle changed with changes in farming?
They have increased in size.
Their market age has decreased as growth happens more quickly.
What kind of organisms are farmed in the poultry industry?
Chickens.
Geese.
Ducks.
Turkey.
Pigeons.
What country is responsible for producing half of whe worlds pork?
China.
The pork industry is usually found in what area of the USA?
Near the maize belt.
What is aquaculture?
The farming or rearing of aquatic plants and animals.
What is farming?
The way that man can intervene in the rearing process to enhance stocking and protect animals from predators.
What is the most eficient method of farming?
Aquaculture as fish are very eficient converters of food to protein.
What 5 ways do domesticated animals contribute to the wellbeing of humans?
They provide food.
They provide clothing.
They provide power.
They provide recreation.
They provide companionship.
What is nutrition?
The utilisation of food by the body.
How does the body utilise food?
It converts food into energy which can be used for various activities.
Why is animal nutrition important?
It helps us to provide good quality food animals.
It allows us to take care of animals
It provides a link to the causes of many health problems.
It directs our work and income in agriculture.
How is animal nutrition important to the finances of different countries?
Because countries that raise animals for food can sell them to other countries.
What are nutrients?
Essential elements that support life.
In what 3 ways will nutrients support life?
Body growth.
Energy production.
Body functions.
What are the 6 essential nutrients?
Proteins.
Carbohydrates.
Fats.
Minerals.
Vitamins.
Water.
What are proteins?
Organic compounds that contain amino acids.
What elements are found within all amino acids?
Carbon.
Hydrogen.
Oxygen.
Nitrogen.
What are amino acids used for?
They are the building blocks of the body and are used for growth and cellular repair.
Proteins are development of what?
Of a foetus.
How does the body obtain most of its amino acids?
It can make them.
What are the amino acids which the body cannot make, but are required by the body?
The essential amino acids.
