Carb, Lipid, Protein, Glucose Digestion in Ruminant Stomach

Question 1

what two things make up the ruminants diet

Answer 1

grasses and grains

Question 2

what part of a ruminants diet are complex carbs

Answer 2

grasses (roughage)

Question 3

what part of a ruminants diet are nonstructural carbs

Answer 3

grains (concentrates)

Question 4

makes up grasses (roughage)

Answer 4

cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin

Question 5

makes up grains (concentrates)

Answer 5

starches, fructosans, and simple sugars

Question 6

microorganisms use nutrients consumed for their own what

Answer 6

growth and development

Question 7

ruminant can digest _________ as source of protein

Answer 7

microorganisms

Question 8

digestion of complex carbs to simple sugars in ruminants, is done by what process and enzymes

Answer 8

hydrolysis by catalase enzymes

Question 9

digestion of starches and soluble sugars to monosaccharides and polysaccharides in ruminates, are done by what process and bacteria

Answer 9

hydrolysis by amylolytic bacteria

Question 10

in the breakdown of starches and soluble sugars in ruminants, saccharides absorbed by microvilli and further metabolized to what

Answer 10

to pyruvate and converted to volatile fatty acids (VFAs)

Question 11

main source of energy for the ruminant

Answer 11

volatile fatty acids (VFAs)

Question 12

three lipids found in grasses and plants

Answer 12

triglycerides
glycolipids
free fatty acids

Question 13

constitutes a small portion of diet

Answer 13

lipids

Question 14

three things that too many lipids can do to ruminants

Answer 14

decreased appetite
reduced motility of reticulorumen decreased fermentation of cellulose

Question 15

microorganisms in reticulorumen _________ triglycerides

Answer 15

hydrolyze

Question 16

three VFAs produced by lipid digestion in ruminants

Answer 16

acetic acid (acetate)
propionic acid (propionate) butyric acid (butyrate)

Question 17

what process occurs before enzymatic digestion

Answer 17

fermentation process

Question 18

when are nutrients in food first available to microbes

Answer 18

in the reticulorumen

Question 19

where is protein further broken down by enzymatic action and transported to the _______

Answer 19

small intestine
liver

Question 20

what processes carbohydrates before they are exposed to intestinal enzymes

Answer 20

ruminal microbes

Question 21

where do gluconeogenesis occur, from non carb sources

Answer 21

in the liver

Question 22

synthesis of new glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, provides glucose when dietary intake is insufficient or absent

Answer 22

gluconeogeneis