Ruminant Stomach

Question 1

how many chambers is the ruminant stomach

Answer 1

four chambers

Question 2

what are the first three chambers of the ruminant stomach called (as a whole)

Answer 2

forestomach

Question 3

what are the three chambers of the forestomach

Answer 3

reticulum
rumen
omasum

Question 4

what is the last chamber of the ruminant stomach

Answer 4

abomasum

Question 5

the abomasum is also called what

Answer 5

the true stomach

Question 6

herbivores have what kind of stomach

Answer 6

ruminants

Question 7

herbivores require more complex digestion process than what

Answer 7

carnivores

Question 8

the forestomachs of ruminants are what

Answer 8

non glandular

Question 9

what do microorganisms in the forestomachs do for the rumen and reticulum

Answer 9

fermentation

Question 10

what is broken down during fermentation in the rumen and reticulum

Answer 10

complex carbs (cellulose)

Question 11

the abomasum functions the same as what

Answer 11

monogastric stomach

Question 12

Answer 12

rumen

Question 13

Answer 13

reticulum

Question 14

Answer 14

omasum

Question 15

Answer 15

abomasum

Question 16

each forestomach performs a different digestive ______ and has different ______ features

Answer 16

function
anatomical

Question 17

what forestomach does the paunch refer to

Answer 17

rumen

Question 18

the rumen occupies most of the _____ side of abdominal cavity

Answer 18

left

Question 19

microorganims in the rumen ferment what

Answer 19

carbs

Question 20

what in the mucosa of the rumen increase surface area for absorption

Answer 20

papillae

Question 21

what divides the rumen

Answer 21

pillars (muscular folds)

Question 22

three divisions of the rumen

Answer 22

dorsal sac
ventral sac
two caudal sacs

Question 23

what forestomach does the honeycomb refer to

Answer 23

reticulum

Question 24

the reticulum is located what direction to the rumen

Answer 24

cranial

Question 25

contents of the reticulum easily enter and exit to what - making them essentially act as one unit

Answer 25

rumen

Question 26

reticulorumen refers to what

Answer 26

reticulum and rumen as one unit

Question 27

Answer 27

reticulum

Question 28

links esophagus with omasum in young ruminant

Answer 28

esophageal groove

Question 29

because of the esophageal groove, milk for nursing ruminant bypasses what and goes directly where

Answer 29

reticulorumen omasum and abomasum

Question 30

if the esophageal groove did not close, bacteria from reticulorumen would do what to milk

Answer 30

ferment milk

Question 31

in young neonates, if the esophageal groove did not close, lactic acid produced would inhibit normal what

Answer 31

microbial action

Question 32

what forestomach does "many plies" or "book stomach" refer to

Answer 32

omasum

Question 33

Answer 33

omasum

Question 34

the omasum connects _______ to _______

Answer 34

reticulorumen to abomasum

Question 35

the omasum is folds of ______ with ______ on surfaces

Answer 35

mucosa papillae

Question 36

absorption of what takes place in the omasum

Answer 36

water and salts

Question 37

the elongated "true stomach"

Answer 37

abomasum

Question 38

what is the abomasum lined with

Answer 38

glandular tissue

Question 39

which side of the abdomen is the abomasum located on

Answer 39

right side

Question 40

in young animals, what is released in the abomasum that causes milk protein coagulation

Answer 40

renin

Question 41

renin prolongs time for _____ to break down proteins

Answer 41

pepsin

Question 42

the abomasum functions like a ______ ______ stomach - expect it is not a storage compartment

Answer 42

simple monogastric

Question 43

there is a continuous flow of what into the abomasum

Answer 43

ingesta

Question 44

primary contractions of the reticulorumen are what kind of contractions

Answer 44

mixing contractions

Question 45

mixing contractions ensure content movements between ______ and ______

Answer 45

reticulum rumen

Question 46

mixing contractions separate particles based on what

Answer 46

size

Question 47

another name for rumination

Answer 47

chewing the cud

Question 48

in rumination, ingesta moves from ________ back into oral cavity for additional saliva and continued chewing

Answer 48

reticulorumen

Question 49

four steps to the rumination process

Answer 49

regurgitation re-insalivation remastication re-swallowing

Question 50

eructation

Answer 50

belching

Question 51

what starts secondary contractions

Answer 51

eructation (belching)

Question 52

responsible for the release of gases

Answer 52

eructation (belching)

Question 53

what two gases are produced during fermentation

Answer 53

carbon dioxide and methane

Question 54

without gas release, what condition would develope

Answer 54

bloat

Question 55

what part of the brain controls reticulorumen activity

Answer 55

area of brainstem

Question 56

the kinds of microbial species that occupy reticulorumen ecosystem

Answer 56

bacteria, protozoa, and fungi

Question 57

how is proper balance between the types of microbial species in reticulorumen controlled

Answer 57

diet and amount of food consumed interactions between mother and neonate

Question 58

how do microbial species in reticulorumen get oxygen

Answer 58

it is ingested when the animal eats food