Carbohydrate & Amyloid Staining

Question 1

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) demonstrates what and what tissue is used as QC?

Answer 1

Polysaccharides (except group 2: acid mucopolysaccharides - anionic heteroglycans), neutral mucosubstances, and basement membranes.

QC with Kidney.

Question 2

PAS with Diatase demonstrates what, and what tissue is used as QC?

Answer 2

Glycogen. Highly sensitive.

QC with 2 sections of Liver, one with and one without diatase. Or cervix containing both endocervix and ectocervix.

Question 3

Best Carmine demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 3

Glycogen. Not as specific as PAS (aka actually worst don’t even use it).
QC with a section of liver.

Question 4

Mayer Mucicarmine demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 4

“Epithelial” mucin. Stains carboxylated and sulfated mucins (charged) but not neutral mucins.

QC with unautolyzed colon, small intestine, or appendix.

Question 5

Alcian Blue (pH 2.5) demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 5

Acid mucopolysaccharides

Stains both sulfated and carboxylated acid mucopolysaccharides, and sialomucins (glycoproteins).

QC with unautolyzed small intestine, appendix, or colon should be used as positive control.

Question 6

Alcian Blue (pH 1.0) demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 6

Demonstration of sulfated mucosubstances.

Sulfated mucopolysaccharides and sulfated sialomucins (glycoproteins) stain. Mucosubstances that are only carboxylated will not stain.

QC with unautolyzed small intestine, appendix, or colon.

Question 7

Müller-Mowry Colloidal Iron demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 7

Stains carboxylated and sulfated mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins.

QC with unautolyzed small bowel, appendix, or colon.

Question 8

Alcian Blue (pH 2.5) or Colloidal Iron, with Hyalironidase, demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 8

Differentiation of epithelial and connective tissue mucins.

QC with 2 sections of umbilical cord (one with and one without hyalironidase?)

Question 9

Alcian Blue-PAS demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 9

Differentiation between neutral and acidic mucous stances; used in many labs today for detection of intestinal metaplasia.

QC with kidney or a mucin control depending on the diagnostic tissue to be stained… just use a section of cervix containing both endo- and ectocervix.

Question 10

Congo Red demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 10

Stains amyloid in tissues.

QC with… sections containing fresh small newly formed deposits of amyloid… the fuck. (How the hell are you supposed to know!?!?)

Question 11

Crystal Violet demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Answer 11

Stains amyloid less specifically than condo red. Good for rapid screening.

QC with… -_- again… sections containing fresh small newly formed deposits of amyloid… the fuck. (How the hell are you supposed to know!?!?)

Question 12

Thioflavin T demonstrates what, and what is the QC?

Question 14

What fixative should be used with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain?

Question 15

What fixative should be used with PAS with diastase stain?

Question 16

What fixative should be used with Mayer mucicarmine stain?

Question 17

What fixative should be used with Alcian blue, pH 2.5 stain?

Question 18

What fixative should be used with Alcian blue, pH 1.0 stain?

Question 19

What fixative should be used with Müller-Mowry colloidal iron stain?

Question 20

What fixative should be used with Alcian blue, pH 2.5, or colloidal iron, with hyaluronidase stain?

Question 21

What fixative should be used with Alcian blue-PAS stain?

Question 22

What fixative should be used with Congo red stain?

Question 23

What fixative should be used with Crystal violet stain?

Question 24

What fixative should be used with Thioflavin T stain?

Question 25

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain?

Question 26

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in PAS with diastase stain?

Question 27

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Mayer mucicarmine stain?

Question 28

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Alcian blue, pH 2.5 stain?

Question 29

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Alcian blue, pH 1.0 stain?

Question 30

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Müller-Mowry colloidal iron stain?

Question 31

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Alcian blue, pH 2.5, or colloidal iron, with hyaluronidase stain?

Question 32

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Alcian blue-PAS stain?

Question 33

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Congo red stain?

Question 34

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Crystal violet stain?

Question 35

What are the primary reagents, and their purpose, used in Thioflavin T stain?

Question 36

Describe the results seen from the Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain?

Question 37

Describe the results seen from the PAS with diastase stain?

Question 38

Describe the results seen from the Mayer mucicarmine stain?

Question 39

Describe the results seen from the Alcian blue, pH 2.5 stain?

Question 40

Describe the results seen from the Alcian blue, pH 1.0 stain?

Question 41

Describe the results seen from the Müller-Mowry colloidal iron stain?

Question 42

Describe the results seen from the Alcian blue, pH 2.5, or colloidal iron, with hyaluronidase stain?

Question 43

Describe the results seen from the Alcian blue-PAS stain?

Question 44

Describe the results seen from the Congo red stain?

Question 45

Describe the results seen from the Crystal violet stain?

Question 46

Describe the results seen from the Thioflavin T stain?

Question 47

What technique makes the Congo red stain more specific for amyloid?

Answer 47

○ Green birefringence following Congo red staining is considered the most specific technique for the demonstration of amyloid ○ Green birefringence is an intrinsic property of the amyloid fibril-congo red complex and is a function of the parallel alignment of the dye molecules and amyloid fibrils

Question 48

What type of microscopy should be used for the thioflavin T technique?

Answer 48

Fluorescent microscopy

Question 49

Define: Carbohydrate

Answer 49

Compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only (e.g. sugars, starches, and cellulose)

Question 50

Define: Polysaccharide

Answer 50

A group of 9 or more monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds (e.g. starch and cellulose)

Question 51

Define: Acid mucopolysaccharides

Answer 51

Connective tissue mucins, most contain sialic acid and do not stain the same with all mucin techniques

Question 52

Define: Birefringence

Answer 52

Splitting of a light wave into 2 waves that are refracted in different directions - AKA anisotropsism/double refraction

Question 53

Define: Metachromasia

Answer 53

A change of color. Certain tissue elements stain metachromatically with certain dyes in that they give a color that differs from that of the stain used. Mast cell granules stain metachromatically with toluidine blue in that they give a rose to violet color against the normal blue (orthochromatic) staining of the background

Question 54

Define: Polychromasia

Question 55

What is the difference between "epithelial" and "connective tissue" mucins?