Carbohydrate Metabolism Flashcards
(25 cards)
Insulin is needed to activate
the glucose transporters
found in these tissues
Adipose tissues, Striate
muscles (cardiac muscle,
skeletal muscle)
Glucose transporter that is
activated on an insulindependent
mechanism
GLUT4 transporters
Glucose transporter that
facilitates the absorption of
fructose
GLUT5 transporters
Glucose transporters that
require sodium-dependent
active uptake of glucose
against a concentration
gradient
SGLT1/2 transporters
Vitamins essential in the
citric acid cycle
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine pyrophosphate), Vitamin B2 (FAD),
Vitamin B3 (NAD), Vitamin B5 (Coenzyme A)
*Lipoic acid also needed
because just like pyruvate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase also needs these cofactors
These refer to processes
which replenish the
intermediates of the citric
acid cycle
Anaplerotic reactions
This enzyme is important in
maintaining the adequate
concentration of oxaloacetate
in the citric acid cycle
Pyruvate carboxylase
Major sites of
gluconeogenesis in the body
Liver (90%), Kidney (10%)
This process occurs when
lactate formed by glycolysis
in skeletal muscle is
transported to the liver
where it is converted back to glucose through gluconeogenesis
Cori cycle
This substance is important
in the attachment of glucose
to the glycogen substrate
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)
This protein serves as a
primer for glycogen synthesis
when glycogen is completely
depleted
Glycogenin
Deficient enzyme in Von
Gierke disease
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Deficient enzyme in Pompe
disease
Lysosomal acid maltase
Deficient enzyme in Cori disease
Debranching enzyme
Deficient enzyme in Andersen
disease
Branching enzyme
Deficient enzyme in McArdle
syndrome
Muscle phosphorylase
Deficient enzyme in Hers
disease
Liver phosphorylase
Deficient enzyme in essential
fructosuria
Fructokinase
Deficient enzyme in
hereditary fructose
intolerance
Aldolase B
This enzyme is lacking in the
retina, lens, kidneys, and
Schwann cells; Hence, in
patients with uncontrolled
diabetes, sorbitol
accumulates in these tissues
Sorbitol dehydrogenase
This pentose is increased in
the urine of patients with
essential pentosuria
Xylulose
Most common disease
producing enzyme
abnormality in humans
Glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase deficiency
Altered hemoglobin
precipitating in the red blood
cells of patients with G6PD
deficiency
Heinz bodies
These are abnormally shaped
red blood cells occurring due
to the phagocytic removal of
Heinz bodies in the spleen
Bite cells (also known as
degmacytes)
