INTRO: Basic Chem

Question 1

Exothermic and endothermic processes

Answer 1

EXOTHERMIC
Heat generation by combustion process is transferred from system of chemical reaction —> surroundings

ENDOTHERMIC
Heat is supplied by the surroundings —> system of chemical reaction

Question 2

Energy of a reaction

Answer 2

Enthalpy

Question 3

Degree of disorderliness in thermodynamics

Answer 3

Entropy

Question 4

Heat required to raise temperature by 1 degree

Answer 4

Heat capacity

Question 5

Heat required to raise temperature per gram

Answer 5

Specific heat

Question 6

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

Energy CAN be converted from on form to another, but CANNOT be created nor destroyed

Question 7

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

The entropy of the universe INCREASES in a spontaneous process and remains UNCHANGED in equilibrium process

Question 8

3rd law of thermodynamics

Answer 8

The entropy of a system approaches a CONSTANT VALUE when absolute temperature reaches absolute zero

Question 9

Zeroth law of thermodynamics

Answer 9

If 2 bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with a 3rd body, they are also in equilibrium with each other

Question 10

THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES:
Without loss or gain of energy by heat

Answer 10

Adiabatic

Question 11

THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES:
Constant enthalpy

Answer 11

Isenthalpic

Question 12

THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES:
Constant entropy

Answer 12

Isentropic

Question 13

THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES:
Constant pressure

Answer 13

Isobaric

Question 14

THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES:
Constant volume

Answer 14

Isocoric/Isovolumetric/isometric

Question 15

THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES:
Constant temp

Answer 15

Isothermal

Question 16

THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES:
Without change in internal energy. All parameters held constant

Answer 16

Steady state

Question 17

Modes of heat loss if skin temperature < environment temperature

Answer 17

Evaporation (major)
Convection

Question 18

Modes of heat loss if skin temperature > environment temperature

Answer 18

Radiation (major)
Conduction

Question 19

REDOX REAX
Oxidation vs. Reduction
a. Losing/gaining electrons
b. Losing/gaining hydrogen (protons)
c. Losing/gaining oxygen
d. Releases/stores energy
e. Oxidizing/Reducing agent

Answer 19

LEORA: Loses electrons, Oxidized, Reducing agent
GEROA: Gains electrons, Reduced, Oxidizing agent

OXIDATION
a. Losing electrons
b. Losing hydrogen (protons)
c. Gaining oxygen
d. Releases energy
e. Reducing agent

REDUCTION
a. Gaining electrons
b. Gaining hydrogen (protons)
c. Losing oxygen
d. Stores energy
e. Oxidizing agent

Question 20

DONOR VS. ACCEPTOR
Acids are proton __________, electron ___________
Bases are proton __________, electron ___________

Answer 20

Acids are proton donors, electron acceptors
Bases are proton acceptors, electron donors

Question 21

STRONGER OR WEAKER ACIDITY
Smaller pKa value has a ____________ while larger pKa value has a ______________

Answer 21

Smaller pKa value has a stronger acidity while larger pKa value has a weaker acidity