Flashcards in Carbohydrate structure and function Deck (74)
Loading flashcards...
1
Basic unit of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
2
Suffix for carbohydrates with 3 carbon chain
Triose
3
3 carbon carbohydrate with an aldehyde
Aldotriose
4
3 carbon carbohydrate with a ketone
Ketotriose
5
Which carbon is able to participate in glycosidic linkages?
Aldehyde carbon
6
Purpose of glycosidic linkages
Allow sugars to act as substituents
7
All carbons, except the aldehyde or ketone, have what functional groups in a carbohydrate?
-OH or hydroxyl groups
8
D-fructose
CH2OH
|
C=O
|
OH-----C------H
|
H--------C-----OH
|
H--------C-----OH
|
CH2OH
9
D-glucose
CHO
|
H-----C------OH
|
HO-----C-----H
|
H--------C-----OH
|
H--------C-----OH
|
CH2OH
10
D-galactose
CHO
|
H-----C------OH
|
HO-----C-----H
|
HO-----C-----H
|
H--------C-----OH
|
CH2OH
11
D-mannose
CHO
|
HO-----C-----H
|
HO-----C-----H
|
H--------C-----OH
|
H-----C------OH
|
CH2OH
12
Optical Isomer/Stereoisomers
Same chemical formula but differ in spatial arrangements
13
Enantiomers
Stereoisomers that are nonidentical nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. They have no internal plane of symmetry.
Same sugars in different optical families
14
Absolute configurations
D or L
15
Number of stereoisomers
2^n where n is number of chiral carbons
16
(+) rotation
Rotate light to right
17
(-) rotation
Rotate light to left
18
Fischer projection line meanings
Horizontal lines are coming out of page towards you and vertical lines are into page or away from you
19
How to determine D or L?
The placement of -OH on the highest number carbon determines D (right) or L (left)
20
Diastereomers
2 sugars that are both aldoses or ketoses and have the same # carbons but not identical and not mirror images
21
Epimers
Diastereomers differing at only one chiral center
22
Hydroxyl group
Nucelophile
23
Carbonyl
Electrophile
24
Cyclic hemiacetals form from
aldoses
25
Cyclic hemiketals form from
Ketoses
26
Pyranose
6-membered rings
27
Furanose
5-member rings
28
Anomeric carbon
Carbonyl carbon becomes chiral in cyclic form
29
α-anomer
-OH and -CH2OH are trans to each other
30