Flashcards in Lipid Structure and Function Deck (38)
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1
Amphipathic
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
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Phospholipid polar and nonpolar parts
Polar head is the phosphate and alcohol and it is attached to hydrophobic fatty acids by phosphodiester bonds
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Saturated fatty acid
Has no pi bonds and is stable and solid at room temperature
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Unsaturated fatty acid
Has pi bond(s) which result in kinks and make it a liquid at room temperature
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Glycerophospholipid
-Has glycerol backbone
-Ester linkages to two fatty acids (can vary in length) and phosphodiester links to highly polar group which determines chemistry
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Sphingolipids
-Have sphingolipid backbone
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Glycolipid
Lipid linked to sugar
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Ceramide
Sphingolipid with hydrogen atom at its head group
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Sphingomyelins
-Sphingolipids
-Phosphotidylcholine or phosphotidylethanolamine
-no net charge
- major part of schwaan and oligodendrocytes' plasma membranes
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Glycosphingolipids
Instead of phosphodiester bonds to polar groups, thers is glycosidic bonds to sugar groups
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Cerebrosides
Sphingolipids attached to 1 sugar
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Globosides
Sphingolipids attached to 2 or more sugars
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Gangliosides
Glycolipids with NANA at end terminus and a negative charge
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Waxes
Esters of long-chain fatty acids with long-chain alcohols, solid at room temp, prevent evaporation and dehydration
15
Terpenes
Precursors to lipid signaling molecules; built from isoprene C5H8
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Monoterpene
C10H16
has two isoprene units
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Sesquiterpene
3 isoprene units
C15H24
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Terpenoids/isoprenoids
Oxidized or rearranged terpenes and modified with a functional group
- Aromatic
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Diterpenoid
Has 4 isoprene units
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Steroids
Have 4 cycloalkane rings: 3 cyclohexane and 1 cyclopentane
-Oxidized states and functional groups vary
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Steroid hormones
Hormones that are steroids
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Cholesterol
-Amphipathic and in phospholipid bilayer
-Low temp => prevents soldification
- High temp => keeps membrane intact
-precursor to other molecules
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Prostaglandins
-Para- or autocrine signaling molecules
-regulate cAMP
-Effects on smooth muscle function, sleep/wake cycle, and body temperature
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Vitamin
Essential nutrient
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Vitamin A/Carotene
-Retinal is component of light sensor in eye
-Retinol stores vitamin A and is oxidized to retinoic acid to regulate gene expression during epithelial development
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Retinal
Component of light sensor in eye
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Retinol
Stores vitamin A
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Retinoic acid
Oxidized form of retinol and regulates gene expression of epithelial development
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Vitamin D/cholecalciferol
It is turned into calcitriol by the liver and kidneys which in turn upregulates calcium and phosphate uptake to promote bone production
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