Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are carbohydrates split into?

Answer 1

Starchy foods

Sugary foods

Question 2

What are the two main types of carbohydrate?

Answer 2

Complex

Simple

Question 3

What are sugars split into?

Answer 3

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Question 4

What are intrinsic sugars?

Answer 4

Sugars contained in the cell wall
Unprocessed foods
Have no adverse effect on health
e.g. fruit

Question 5

What are extrinsic sugars?

Answer 5

Sugars not contained in the cell wall

Question 6

What are extrinsic sugars split into?

Answer 6

Free sugars and milk sugars

Question 7

What are free sugars?

Answer 7

Sugars that have been added to foods
Have an adverse effect on health
Will lead to health problems such as:
Obesity, diabetes, tooth decay

Question 8

What are milk sugars?

Answer 8

Sugars found naturally in dairy products
Have no adverse effect on health
e.g. Milk, yogurt

Question 9

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Energy 
Protein sparing 
Storage 
Dietary Fibre
Synthesis of glycoprotein

Question 10

How is energy a function of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates are the most efficient source of energy

1g = 4kcal

Question 11

How is storage a function of carbohydrate?

Answer 11

Glycogen is formed and stored in the liver as a readily available source of energy
Excess can be converted into fat and stored in the adipose tissue

Question 12

How is protein sparing a function of carbohydrate?

Answer 12

You keep your protein for growth, repair and maintenance of the body and use carbohydrates as your main source of energy

Question 13

How is synthesis of glycoprotein a function of carbohydrate?

Answer 13

Glycoproteins = proteins that have sugar attached to them
Helps the immune, digestive and reproductive systems
components of cellular membranes, blood & plasma

Question 14

How is dietary fibre a function of carbohydrate?

Answer 14

‘Unavailable carbohydrates’

Question 15

What is fibre split into?

Answer 15

Soluble

Insoluble

Question 16

What is soluble fibre?

Answer 16

Slows down release of glucose - lowers symptoms of diabetes
Lowers LDL cholesterol
Stops us feeling hungry

Question 17

What is insoluble fibre?

Answer 17

Binds water in the intestine,
increases bulk of faeces
Prevents constipation
Prevents bowel disorders

Question 18

What are empty calories?

Answer 18

Food that provides you with only calories (energy) and no other nutrients

Question 19

What does palatability mean?

Answer 19

Related to taste or mouth feel

Question 20

Can sugar make you overweight?

Answer 20

Small amounts will not make you obese.

High sugar diet may mean excess weight if calorie intake is higher than needed

Question 21

What is the main cause of dental caries/ tooth decay?

Answer 21

Due to frequent snacking

Question 22

Tooth decay is also due to:

Answer 22

Concentration of the sugar
The period of contact your tooth had with sugar
Age - tooth decay occurs quickly in children and reaches the nerve quicker

Question 23

How does tooth decay occur?

Answer 23

Bacteria builds up on the surface of your teeth. If saliva does not neutralise the acid then it will attack the tooth. It will lead to the enamel eroding and will lead to the demineralisation of your tooth resulting in tooth decay/ caries

Question 24

What are some factors that help prevent tooth decay?

Answer 24

Drink milk and have milk products
Encourage drinking water
Fluoride supplementation for the mineralisation of teeth
Check food labels carefully

Question 25

What type of sugar is linked closely to tooth decay?

Answer 25

Free sugars

Question 26

What type of sugar is the main offender?

Answer 26

Sucrose

Question 27

What are low GI foods?

Answer 27

Absorbed more slowly Regulates blood sugar levels helps to control post-meals highs and lows Can prevent diabetes, CVD and obesity

Question 28

What are high GI foods?

Answer 28

Absorbed more quickly blood glucose rises sharply causes spikes in blood sugar levels Links between obesity and CVD

Question 29

What does the term glycaemic loading mean?

Answer 29

It measures the amount of carbohydrates in each serving of food

Question 30

Explain the link of GI and diabetes:

Answer 30

Low GI may help to control blood glucose levels for people who suffer diabetes Can help reduce the risk of heart and kidney problems

Question 31

Are Low GI foods good for weight loss?

Answer 31

They can help manage your weight Usually low in calories but some foods will have a high calorie content and will not be a good choice. It does not mean that eating a diet of low GI foods will help you lose weight it just helps you manage it by making you feel fuller for longer