Pregnancy

Question 1

Why is more energy important during pregnancy?

Answer 1

• for growth of the foetus
• For tissue synthesis
• Maternal fat deposition

Question 2

Why is iron important in pregnancy?

Answer 2

• Foetal growth and development
• Blood lost through delivery
• Expansion of maternal tissue

Question 3

Why is vitamin C important during pregnancy?

Answer 3

This helps to absorb the iron

Question 4

What will occur if you have a low intake of folate/ folic acid?

Answer 4

Increased risk of NTD, miscarriage, stillbirth

Question 5

Why is protein vital during pregnancy?

Answer 5

• Growth of maternal tissues
• Development of the foetus
• Milk production

Question 6

Why is vitamin A encouraged to be avoided during pregnancy?

Answer 6

Linked to birth defects
Toxic to the unborn baby
Increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth & NTD

Question 7

Why is it important to take a supplement of folate?

Answer 7

Lowers risk of -

• Stillbirth
• Prematurity
• Low birth weight
• Megaloblastic anaemia

Question 8

What is folates main function during pregnancy?

Answer 8

Rapid cell division

Reduce risk of NTD

Question 9

A deficiency in zinc during pregnancy can lead to…

Answer 9

• Slow growth

- Prolonged Labour

Question 10

Why is vitamin D important during pregnancy?

Answer 10

Provides store for the foetus

Mothers body adapts to increase vit D absorption

Question 11

What will a deficiency in Vitamin D lead to in the foetus?

Answer 11

Rickets

Question 12

3 food safety guidelines pregnant women should follow:

Answer 12

• Cook food thoroughly and until piping hot
• Store all food at the correct temperature (fridge 5 degrees, freezer -18 degrees)
• Avoid cross contamination

Question 13

What is listeriosis?

Answer 13

flu like illness caused by bacteria

Question 14

What can listeriosis lead to during pregnancy?

Answer 14

Miscarriages, still birth, or severe illness of the new born

Question 15

Examples of food that listeriosis is often found in?

Answer 15

Pate, soft and blue veined cheese

Question 16

What guidelines should be followed to avoid listeriosis?

Answer 16

Cook food until piping hot
Wash fruit and veg
Avoid ready meals

Question 17

What is toxoplasmosis?

Answer 17

An illness caused by a parasite

Question 18

What is toxoplasmosis found in?

Answer 18

cat faeces
Unpasteurised goats milk/ cheese
Raw meat

Question 19

Can toxoplasmosis be toxic?

Answer 19

Yes it can lead to severe illness in the new born

Question 20

What are some guidelines pregnant women should follow?

Answer 20

Don’t eat raw or uncooked meat
Don’t consume unpasteurised goats milk and goats cheese
Follow good hygiene in the kitchen
Avoid contact with cat litter trays

Question 21

What is salmonella?

Answer 21

Food poisoning that occurs due to consuming raw meat, poultry or eggs

Question 22

Is this dangerous for the baby?

Answer 22

Not likely to have a direct adverse effect on the developing foetus

Question 23

What are some symptoms of salmonella?

Answer 23

Vomiting

Diarrhoea

Question 24

3 guidelines to avoid salmonella:

Answer 24

Wash hands after touching raw meat
Avoid cross - contamination
Ensure all food is cooked thoroughly

Question 25

What is campylobacter?

Answer 25

Group of pathogenic organisms which are a common cause of food poisoning

Question 26

What can campylobacter lead to during pregnancy?

Answer 26

Spontaneous abortion Stillbirth Neonatal death

Question 27

3 guidelines to avoid campylobacter:

Answer 27

Avoid raw and under cooked meat Don't drink unpasteurised milk Avoid untreated water

Question 28

Why should you avoid shark and sword fish during pregnancy?

Answer 28

High levels of mercury - harm developing nervous system

Question 29

Why should oily fish be restricted to 2 portions a week?

Answer 29

Contain dioxins which are pollutants and can be a risk to health

Question 30

What severe effect can alcohol have on a developing foetus?

Answer 30

Foetal alcohol syndrome | Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Question 31

What does teratogenic mean?

Answer 31

Toxic effects

Question 32

Why is alcohol fatal to the developing foetus?

Answer 32

- foetus' liver cannot filter out toxins from the alcohol - damage to brain cells, nervous system and increased risk of FAS

Question 33

What will FAS result in?

Answer 33

``` Small stature Distinctive facial abnormalities Learning difficulties Physical disabilities (heart problems, limb damage, kidney damage) Immunodeficiency Slow postnatal growth ```

Question 34

What is the link with binge drinking during pregnancy?

Answer 34

Low reproductive success - sperm quality reduced in men

Question 35

Alcohol increases the risk of...

Answer 35

Low birth weight babies | Increased risk of NTD

Question 36

Why is game encouraged to be avoided during pregnancy?

Answer 36

Could contain levels of led (pellet)

Question 37

Why is caffeine intake encouraged to be reduced during pregnancy?

Answer 37

Could result in LBW Miscarriage Problems later in life

Question 38

Why are peanuts often encouraged to be restricted during pregnancy?

Answer 38

Could increase risk of an allergy

Question 39

What will low weight gain prior to pregnancy increase risk of?

Answer 39

``` Fertility success reduced LBW baby Premature delivery Stunted growth Baby is nutrient deficient Stillbirth Foetal abnormalities ```

Question 40

What will excessive weight gain prior to pregnancy increase the risk of?

Answer 40

``` Pre-eclampsia in mother Hypertension in mother Diabetes in mother Obesity in baby Prolonged labour Increases risk of miscarriage, stillbirth ```

Question 41

What is macrosomia?

Answer 41

When a baby is significantly larger than normal, increased risk of birth injury

Question 42

What is pre-eclampsia?

Answer 42

leads to rapid rise in blood pressure | risk of - seizure, stroke, organ failure, death of mother and baby